技术创新中的竞争情报:使用方式、作用与影响因素
2021-07-15周鹏
摘 要:[目的/意義]对技术创新中的竞争情报活动进行探索性研究,试图发现竞争情报在技术创新中的使用方式、作用以及影响因素。[方法/过程]通过文献综述引出8个研究问题并设计了相应访谈提纲和问卷,对嘉兴市43家高新技术企业进行了实地访谈和问卷调查,对回收问卷进行了描述性统计分析。[结果/结论]在技术创新中竞争情报具有改善产品和改善市场两个主要作用;不同类型的竞争情报对技术创新具有差异化作用;个人层面的因素是制约技术创新中竞争情报活动的主要因素;在技术创新中企业主要采用直接方式搜集竞争对手情报,更加关心竞争对手的当前状态。
关键词:技术创新;竞争情报;竞争对手;高新技术企业
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2021.07.009
〔中图分类号〕G250.25 〔文献标识码〕A 〔文章编号〕1008-0821(2021)07-0094-09
Competitive Intelligence in Technological Innovation:
Operation Method,Function and Influencing Factors
Zhou Peng
(Business School,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing 314001,China)
Abstract:[Purpose/Significance]This paper makes an exploratory study on the competitive intelligence activities in technological innovation,trying to find out the use mode,function and influencing factors of competitive intelligence in technological innovation.[Method/Process]Through literature review,eight research questions were drawn out,and the corresponding interview outline and questionnaire were designed.Field interview and questionnaire survey were carried out on 43 high-tech enterprises in Jiaxing City,and descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the returned questionnaires.[Result/Conclusion]In technological innovation,competitive intelligence had two main functions:improving products and improving market.Different types of competitive intelligence had different effects on technological innovation.Personal factors were the main factors that restricted competitive intelligence activities in technological innovation.In technological innovation,enterprises mainly use direct way to collect competitors intelligence,and pay more attention to the current status of competitors.
Key words:technological innovation;competitive intelligence;competitor;high-tech enterprises
技术创新本质上是一种投机活动,其失败率相当高,多数的技术创新活动都以失败告终。其原因在于技术创新面临着较大的不确定性,例如技术不确定性、市场不确定性、政策不确定性以及资源不确定性等。因此如何减少技术创新中的不确定性成为企业必须思考和处理的问题,随着企业的不断实践以及学术界的不断探索,逐渐认识到情報可以减少技术创新中的不确定性,情报活动是技术创新的基础和前提,从某种角度看技术创新就是一个情报处理过程。
关于情报与技术创新关系的研究已经取得了不少研究成果,例如情报在技术创新中的地位和作用[1],情报在技术创新中的获取、扩散和使用机制等[2]。……
