王明金 王爱民 刘春花 张旭 李勇军 王永林 林昌虎

【摘 要】 目的：建立蓖麻叶的质量标准方法，对提升蓖麻叶的质量标准进行研究。方法：采用顯微鉴别方法鉴别蓖麻叶粉末显微特征，建立薄层色谱法对蓖麻叶进行定性鉴别;参考《中国药典》（2015版）通则，对蓖麻叶水分、总灰分、水溶性浸出物进行研究。结果：显微特征明显，叶表皮细胞呈不规则形状，气孔平轴式，直径21～23 μm;导管多为螺纹，直径3～42 μm;草酸钙簇晶较多，直径9～39 μm，有的簇晶排列成行;晶鞘纤维多，直径8～14 μm;纤维散在，直径7～23 μm，壁厚，纹孔明显。薄层色谱结果表明主斑点清晰，分离度好，与对照药材在相同位置处显示相同颜色的斑点。11批蓖麻叶水分含水量平均值为13.85%;总灰分平均值为13.0%;水溶性浸出物平均值为18.0%。结论：该方法稳定、简便可靠，且重现性好，能为蓖麻叶的质量控制提供依据。

【关键词】 蓖麻叶;显微鉴别;薄层色谱法;水溶性浸出物;质量控制

【中图分类号】R284.1 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517（2021）08-0040-05

Abstract：Object To establish a quality standard methods of Ricini Folium.Methods The microscopic characteristics of Ricini Folium powder were identified by means of microscopic identification， thin layer chromatography （TLC） method was established for the qualitative identification of Ricini Folium.According to the general rules of Chinese pharmacopoeia （2015 edition）， the water content， total ash content and water-soluble extractives of Ricini Folium were studied.Result Leaf epidermal cells are irregular in shape， and stomata type is plane axis with diameter size of 21 to 23 μm.Spiral vessels with 3 to 42 μm in diameter are observed.Calcium oxalate clusters are numerous with 9 to 39 μm in diameter， some of them are arranged in rows.There are many crystal sheath fibers with a diameter of 8 to 14 μm and the fibers are scattered with thick walls and obvious pits.The results of TLC showed that the main spots were clear with well resolution， and the spots color and Rf value were consistent with the reference herb.The average moisture content of 11 Ricini folium is 13.85%; The average value of total ash is 13.0%; The average value of water soluble extract is 18.0%.Conclussin The method is stable， simple， reliable， and reproducible， which can provide basis for improvement of the quality control of Ricuni Folium.

Key words：Ricini Folium; Microscopic Identification; Thin-layer Chromatography （Tlc）;Water-soluble Extras; Quanity Control

蓖麻叶为大戟科植物蓖麻 Ricinus communis L.的新鲜或干燥的叶。蓖麻为一年生粗壮草本或草质灌木，高达5米;小枝、叶和花序通常被白霜，茎多液汁 [1-2]。蓖麻叶味苦、辛，性平，小毒，具有清热解毒、拔毒消肿、祛风除湿的功效，主要用于治疗风湿麻痹、咳嗽痰喘、子宫下垂、痈疮肿毒等，为贵州少数民族用药[3]。据报道，蓖麻叶中含有含有生物碱、挥发油、萜类等成分[4-8]。蓖麻资源丰富，除了《中国药典》收载的蓖麻子和蓖麻油[9]，蓖麻叶也具有良好的药用价值和应用前景。但是目前关于蓖麻叶的质量控制方法尚不完善，仅收载于《贵州省中药材、民族药材质量标准》2003版中，质量控制项目简单，仅有性状鉴定。……