刘子娇 薛冰 张敏 任玉兰

【摘 要】 收集不同时期针灸处方文献，分析不同时期针灸处方的特点。建立针灸处方数据库，从处方结构、刺灸部位、刺灸方法及腧穴配伍方面分析不同时期针灸处方的特点。秦汉时期，针灸处方结构尚不统一，刺灸部位多样，刺血疗法较为普遍;晋唐时期，处方结构基本统一，刺灸部位为具体部位和腧穴，灸法占据主流;金元时期，处方结构更加完整，刺灸部位规范，多穴处方开始兴起，针刺方法得到重视;明清时期，处方结构偏向病症与腧穴的联系，重视病症病因病机的阐述，腧穴配伍更加成熟，灸法得到创新运用。

【关键词】 针灸处方;处方结构;刺灸部位;刺灸法

【中图分类号】R245 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517（2021）08-0013-04

Abstract：Collecting acupuncture prescriptions for different periods， the most representative prescription literature was selected to analyze the characteristics of acupuncture prescription in different periods from the prescriptions structure，acupuncture and moxibustion parts， acupuncture and moxibustion methods and the compatibility of acupoints.In Qin and Han Dynasties， the prescription structure of acupuncture and moxibustion was not unified， and the acupuncture and moxibustion sites were diverse， and the blood pricking therapy was common.In Jin and Tang Dynasties， the prescription structure was basically unified， the acupuncture and moxibustion parts were specific parts and acupoints， and the moxibustion method occupied the mainstream.During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties， the prescription structure was more complete， the acupuncture and moxibustion parts were standardized， the multi-point prescription began to rise， and the acupuncture method was paid more attention to.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties， the prescription structure tended to the relation between the disease and the acupoints， the explanation of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease was emphasized， the compatibility of the acupoints became more mature， and the moxibustion method was innovatively applied.

Key words：Acupuncture and Moxibustion Prescription;The Prescription Structure;Acupuncture and Moxibustion Parts;Acupuncture and Moxibustion Methods

針灸处方的发展经过历代医家不断的实践、总结、再实践和积累，形成了一个融理、法、方穴为一体的知识体系，其过程是漫长的，笔者收集不同时期的针灸处方文献，从处方结构和内容方面分析不同时期针灸处方的特点。

1 秦汉时期

秦汉时期已出现针灸处方的雏形，《扁鹊仓公列传》中记述了6则针灸医案，老官山汉墓出土了目前最早的针方专著[1]，记载40首针刺处方，但最具有代表性的还是《黄帝内经》（以下简称《内经》），该书是中医学理论的奠基之作，同时也是秦汉时期针灸处方的集成之书，共载针灸处方308首，即见于针灸处方专篇如《刺腰痛论》《刺疟论》《缪刺论》等，又穿插于医经理论之中，如《素问·脏气法时论》《灵枢·邪气脏腑病形》等。因秦汉为针灸理论的萌芽时期，故该书针灸处方存在以下特点。……