常金河 崔黎艳 焦竹青 胡俊敏 郝勇峰 裴康康 徐晓峰

摘    要：在黄淮海传统冬小麦主产区，引进6个优质麦品种，通过大田试验，对其农艺性状、抗性、产量和经济效益进行了系统的观察。结果表明，‘存麦5号、‘伟隆169、‘中麦5783个品种产量构成三要素协调、生育期适宜、抗性好，其产量可分别达9 512.00，10 434.50，9 582.00 kg·hm-2，较对照品种分别增产8.57%，8.97%，6.86%，效益增加24.19%，21.13%，20.16%，能实现高产、优质、高效的目标。本研究结果为优质麦种植面积的扩大和品种的推广提供了科学的依据。

关键词：强筋小麦品种;产量;适应性评价;经济效益

中图分类号：S512.1+1                 文献标识码：A                DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.04.007

Abstract： Six strong gluten wheat varieties were introduced into the traditional main producing area of winter wheat in Huang Huai Hai. The agronomic characters， resistance， yield and economic benefits were systematically observed through field experiments.The results showed that the yield components of 'Cunmai 5'， 'Weilong 169' and' Zhongmai 578' were coordinated， the growth period was suitable， and the resistance was good. The yield of 'Cunmai 5'， 'Weilong 169' and 'Zhongmai 578' could reach 9 512.00， 10 434.50 and 9 582.00 kg·hm-2 respectively， which increased by 8.57%， 8.97% and 6.86% compared with the control， and the benefit increased by 24.19%， 21.13% and 20.16%， respectively. The goal of high yield， high quality and high efficiency could be achieved. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the expansion of planting area and the promotion of varieties of strong gluten wheat.

Key words： strong gluten wheat varieties; yields; adaptability evaluation; economic benefit

近年來，我国优质麦需求持续增长，但优质麦产量却难以满足国内市场需求，优质麦进口量仍持续增加[1]。如何调整国内小麦产能结构，扩大优质麦种植面积，是小麦生产所面临的亟待解决的问题。黄淮海麦区是我国的冬小麦优势种植区，也是优质麦的主产区之一，在长期的栽培过程中积累了丰富的优质麦种质资源。沈业松等[2]在对296份黄淮麦区小麦品种的筛选中，筛选出40份符合强劲优质标准的小麦品种。张婷等[3]对263份黄淮麦区小麦品种进行筛选，也得到了一批强筋麦品种。随着强筋麦小麦品种选育工作的加强[3-4]，也培育出一批强筋麦品种[5-6]。然而，在优质麦生产实践中，优质麦产量不高，效益不稳的问题一直困扰着种植户。另一方面，随着全球气候变化加剧[7]，冬小麦春季冻害频发[8]，进一步增加了优质麦栽培的风险。通过对现有强筋麦品种的筛选，发掘种质资源优势与当地气候资源匹配，是克服优质麦生产中存在问题的有效途径。……