夏季刈割对油莎豆产量及品质的影响
2021-07-09张修业古丽尼尕尔·艾依斯热洪万江春刘满领艾比布拉·伊马木
张修业 古丽尼尕尔·艾依斯热洪 万江春 刘满领 艾比布拉·伊马木



摘 要:为探讨夏季刈割对油莎豆分蘖、地下块茎和地上茎叶产量以及茎叶营养品质的影响。在油莎豆大田内设夏秋季2次刈割及秋季1次刈割(对照)区进行比较研究。研究结果表明,与秋季刈割区相比,夏秋季刈割区的油莎豆分蘖数提升了64.7%;且地上茎叶增产效果显著,鲜、干茎叶增产水平分别为133%,97.3%,地下块茎产量无显著差异(P>0.05),但夏秋季刈割区油莎豆的块茎百粒质量显著低于秋季刈割区(P<0.05)。夏秋季2次刈割区茎叶营养成分、相对饲用价值、氨基酸和矿质元素含量均高于秋季1次刈割区。试验结果证明,夏季刈割对提升油莎豆分蘖数、提高地上茎叶产量和品质具有重要意义。
关键词:刈割;油莎豆;产量;品质
中图分类号:S363 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.04.004
Abstract: To investigate the effect of summer mowing on the yield of tillers, underground tubers and aboveground stems and leaves, and the nutritional quality of stems and leaves of Cyperus esculentus.A comparative study was conducted in a field with two mowed areas in summer and autumn and one mowed area in autumn (CK).The results showed that the number of tillers in the summer and autumn mowed areas increased by 64.7%. Compared with the control area, the aboveground stem and leaf yield increased significantly in the summer and autumn mowed areas, with 133% and 97.3% increased in fresh and dry stem and leaf yields, respectively. There was no significant difference in the yield of underground tubers(P>0.05), but the 100-seed weight of tubers in the summer and autumn mowed areas was significantly lower than that in the autumn mowed area(P<0.05). The nutritional composition, relative forage value, amino acid and mineral element contents of the stems and leaves in the two mowed areas in summer and autumn were higher than those in the one mowed area in autumn.The results of the experiment proved that summer mowing was important to enhance the tillernumber of Cyperus esculentus and improve the yield and quality of above-ground stems and leaves.
Key words: mowing; Cyperus esculentus; yield; quality
油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus L.),又被稱作油莎草、铁荸荠和祖鲁坚果,是莎草科(Cyperaceae)莎草属(Cyperus)多年生草本植物[1],原产于非洲地中海地区,20世纪初经阿拉伯人传至世界各地,目前在西班牙、意大利、美国和中国等众多国家均有种植。我国对油莎豆的引种栽培最早从1952年开始,由前苏联传入我国,此后,在1960年中国科学院植物研究所从保加利亚再次引种,在北京植物园试种成功,并进一步在全国推广种植,目前我国有20多个省、市、自治区进行了种植[2]。关于油莎豆的开发利用在欧洲和非洲地区起步较早,发展较快,它们被加工成各种食品,诸如糕点、咖啡替代品、酒类以及饮料等,其中,在西班牙地区,以其为原料生产的油莎豆果奶“Horchata”深受当地人喜爱[3]。目前,我国对油莎豆的研究和利用主要集中在块茎的榨油工艺、食品加工以及有效成分分析等方面。晏小欣等[4]以产自新疆的油……
