朱华玲 班立桐 孙宁 李奕葶 王玉 高晶琳

摘    要：香菇‘辽抚4号优势明显，被引入天津蓟州区香菇主栽区进行推广，对品种的优势发挥意义重大，选择合适的推广模式，让菇农心甘情愿的选择推广品种，是品种推广工作的关键。本研究选用与蓟州区香菇种植模式相匹配的“农业院校+合作社+农户”模式在天津蓟州区开展了香菇‘辽抚4号的推广实践。结果表明，香菇‘辽抚4号菌棒均可在9月至次年3月期间出菇，与天津对应时间的气候相匹配;与香菇‘808相比较，香菇‘辽抚4号发菌期缩短30 d，菇潮间隔缩短4 d，产量增加16.5%～22.0%，生物学转化率提高16%～22%;且香菇‘辽抚4号还具有抗杂性强、积温要求低、栽培技术难度低、易管理等优点。综合说明，香菇‘辽抚4号适合在天津推广，且“农业院校+合作社+农户”推广模式能有效提高菇农试种香菇‘辽抚4号的积极性，促进菇农增产增收。

关键词：香菇;新品种;推广模式;栽培表现;效果

中图分类号：S646.1+2          文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.04.003

Abstract： The advantages of Lentinula edode strain 'Liaofu 4'are so great that it is very meaningful to extend it in the main planting area of Lentinula edode in Jizhou District of Tianjin. It is the key to extend the Lentinula edode strain by choosing the appropriate pattern and letting the farmers choose the new strain willingly. In this paper， a Lentinus edode strain 'Liaofu 4' was extended in Jizhou District of Tianjin by using the pattern of "agricultural university + cooperative + farmer" which was matched to the planting pattern of Lentinus edode in Jizhou District of Tianjin. The results showed that the substrate blocks could produce fruit bodies from September to March of the next year， which matched the climate of corresponding time in Tianjin. Compared with Lentinus edode '808'， 'Liaofu 4' had 30 days shorter of hyphae period， 4 days shorter of mushroom tideinterval， a yield-increasing rate of 16.5%-22%， a increasing rate of biological conversion rate for 16%-22%.Meanwhile， there were some other advantages for 'Liaofu 4' such as strong resistance to hybrid bacteria， low requirement of accumulated temperature， low difficulty of cultivation technology and easy management ect.. Generally， 'Liaofu 4' is suitable to extend in Tianjin， the "agricultural university + cooperative + farmer"pattern could effectively improve the enthusiasm of the farmer in planting 'Liaofu 4' and promote the yield of Lentinus edode and the income of the farmer.

Key words： Lentinula edode; new strain; extension pattern; cultivation performance; effect

蓟州区是天津香菇種植的核心区域，种植面积广，产量高，约占天津食用菌产量的半壁江山[1-2]。香菇‘辽抚4号具有菌丝生长速度特快、抗病性强、出菇早、产量高、质量好等优点[3-6]，在抚顺乃至东北地区被广泛栽培。鉴于此，将香菇‘辽抚4号引入蓟州区，开展推广工作，研究其配套的推广模式，对该品种的优势发挥意义重大。

开展食用菌新品种推广工作的关键是让菇农心甘情愿地把高产、品质好、易管理的食用菌新品种应用于生产，而菇农在很大程度上更愿意接受和模仿身边的成功案例，所以通过建立示范基地和示范户的形式辐射影响周边菇农，引导其他菇农引种新品种，可起到事半功倍的效果[7-10]。……