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不同化学药剂处理对休眠期大叶樟种子萌发的影响

2021-07-09张丽华韩浩章李素华王晓立王芳赵荣蒋亚华

天津农业科学 2021年4期

张丽华 韩浩章 李素华 王晓立 王芳 赵荣 蒋亚华

摘    要:为研究大叶樟种子休眠的解除措施,以新采大叶樟种子为材料,研究不同浓度赤霉素(GA3)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、褪黑素(MT)、水杨酸(SA)处理对其萌芽特性和幼苗生长的影响,每种化学药剂设置3个浓度梯度,以蒸馏水处理为对照。结果表明,同一种化学药剂中,2%浓度的H2O2,300 mg·L-1浓度的 GA3,200 μg·L-1浓度的MT,0.5 mmol·L-1浓度的SA处理能显著提高休眠期大叶樟种子萌发率、萌发势、萌芽指数和萌发后的幼苗质量,浓度过高或过低则效果变差。结合隶属函数法的综合评价值来看,200 μg·L-1的MT和300 mg·L-1的GA3处理效果较好,综合隶属函数值分别为0.805,0.761,而500 μg·L-1的MT和2 mmol·L-1的SA处理效果较差,综合隶属函数值分别为0.113,0.025。综上,适宜浓度的GA3、MT、H2O2和SA处理均能促进大叶樟种子休眠解除和提高种苗质量,其中以200 μg·L-1的MT和300 mg·L-1的GA3处理3 h效果最好。

关键词:化学药剂处理;休眠期;大叶樟种子;萌发

中图分类号:S792.23         文献标识码:A          DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.04.001

Abstract: In order to study the measures to relieve the dormancy of Cinnamomum septentrionale seeds, the effects of different concentrations of GA3, hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), melatonin(MT) and salicylic acid(SA) treatment on the germination characteristics and seedling growth were studied. Three concentration gradients were set up for each chemical agent, and the treatment of distilled water was used as the control. The results showed that in the same chemical agent treatments, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and seedling quality of Cinnamomum septentrionale seeds in dormant stage were significantly improved by the optimal concentration, such as  2% H2O2, 300 mg·L-1 GA3, 200 g·L-1 MT, and 0.5 mmol·L-1 SA, while the effect was worse if the concentration was too high or too low. Combined with the results of the membership function method,  200 μg·L-1 MT and 300 mg·L-1 GA3 had  better treatment effect, with a synthetic membership function value of 0.805 and 0.761 respectively, while  500 μg·L-1 MT and 2 mmol·L-1 SA had worse treatment effect, with a synthetic membership function value of 0.113 and 0.025 respectively. In conclusion, suitable concentrations of GA3, MT, H2O2 and SA could promote the dormancy dissolution and improve the quality of seedlings, which the seeds soaked 3 h with MT of 200 g·L-1 and GA3 of 300 mg·L-1 had the best effect.

Key words: chemical treatment; dormant; Cinnamomum septentrionale seed; germination

大葉樟(Cinnamomum septentrionale Hand. Mazz)又称银木,为樟科樟属常绿乔木,树形美观,滞尘能力强,园林绿化中常用作行道树、孤植树和林用树种,生态效益明显,已成为长江南北地区城市绿化的主导品种。樟属植物种苗生产在园林产业中占有重要地位,种子繁殖仍然是植物育苗的主要方式,但樟属植物具有生理休眠特性,未通过休眠的种子往往发芽率极低[1]。低温层积通常用以保存樟属植物种子并解除休眠,但种子在低温层积处理后的萌芽率仍然不高,仍会因种皮透气性差和存在抑制物质而不萌发或萌发期延长,甚至在2~3 年后还在陆续出苗,种苗质量变差[2]。……

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