刘拥华 闫丹丹 姚逸豪

摘  要：高速公路货运车辆由计重收费调整为分车型收费，收费制度的改革对运输业主有一定的收费影响。通过比较分析了高速公路在计重收费时正常装载和超限装载部分的区间划分，以及阶梯式和线性式收费模式的特点;阐述了分车型收费政策的实施背景;最后以某高速公路为例，计算出各类车型在两种收费制度下的通行费。结果表明，分车型收费制度计算方式更简单，通行费更低，对运输市场的规范化管理有促进作用，且能够减少道路拥堵，符合收费公路未来的发展方向。

关键词：高速公路;货运车辆;计重收费;分车型收费

中图分类号：F540.4    文献标识码：A

Abstract： Highway freight vehicles are adjusted from toll by weight to toll by vehicle type. The reform of the toll system has a certain impact on transportation owners. By comparing and analyzing the interval division of normal loading and overrun loading， as well as the characteristics of stepped and linear charging modes， this paper expounds the implementation background of charging policy by vehicle type， and finally calculates the tolls of various vehicle types under the two charging systems by taking a highway as an example. The results show that the calculation method of vehicle type charging system is simpler， the toll is lower， it can promote the standardized management of transportation market， and can reduce road congestion， which is in line with the future development direction of toll road.

Key words： highway; freight vehicle; charge by weight-calculating; charge by vehicle-typing

0  引  言

當前，国家加大对基础设施建设的投资，但高速公路的建设、养护需要大量的资金，为解决其建设及运营过程中资金紧缺问题，保证高速公路运营者的利益和国家交通基础设施的长远需要，我国的高速公路采用收费通行制度。传统的收费模式是利用车辆出厂时的核定载重和载客量分为5类车型来收费。但由于人工识别车型易产生偏差，超载超限问题很是严重，所以计重收费制度应运而生。计重收费是利用动态检测设施对车货总质量进行称重，以“正常装载，标准收费;超限装载，超额收费”为计费原则，按照不同的费率标准收取车辆通行费的一种征费方式[1]。计重收费制度产生以来，各地在治理超载超限问题上取得了一定的进展，在道路安全方面得到了显著的改善。……