卫少鹏 王婷 周彤

摘  要：针对柔性流水车间生产能耗高和噪音大的问题，建立了最大完工时间调度模型，设计了遗传算法，将求解过程分成两步，第一步以最小化最大完工时间为主要目标，求解出多个最小化最大完工时间相同的最优方案;第二步把能耗、噪音和设备利用率指标作为绿色约束和评价依据，基于综合模糊评价法筛选出最优方案。研究结果表明：（1）不同方案的差异较大，选择针对性的调度方案会较大提高生产效益;（2）通过求解生产实例验证了模型和算法的有效性，有利于指导制造企业推行可持续发展战略。

关键词：柔性流水车间调度;最小化最大完工时间;综合模糊评价法;遗传算法

中图分类号：F273    文献标识码：A

Abstract： Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption and high noise in flexible flow shop， a maximum completion time scheduling model is established and a genetic algorithm is designed. The solving process is divided into two steps. The first step is to minimize the maximum completion time as the main objective， and several optimal schemes with the same maximum completion time are solved. In the second step， the energy consumption， noise and equipment utilization index are regarded as green rules according to the evaluation basis， the optimal scheme is selected based on the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method. The research results show that：（1）there are great differences among different schemes， and selecting the targeted scheduling scheme will greatly improve the production efficiency;（2）the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by solving the production example， which is conducive to guiding the manufacturing enterprises to implement the sustainable development strategy.

Key words： flexible flow shop scheduling; minimize the makespan; comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method; genetic algorithm

0  引  言

隨着社会经济的高速发展，能源消耗和污染物排放也大幅攀升。在“十三五”规划和《中国制造2025》政策驱动下，绿色制造上升至国家战略层面，成为制造业发展的当务之急。车间调度作为生产制造的重要依托技术，在战略全局中处于核心地位，通过合理分配资源、调整加工顺序，达到节能高效的目标。绿色柔性流水车间调度是传统车间调度的延伸[1]，追求经济效益和生态环境协同发展，涉及的指标更复杂，求解更困难，同时更能满足现实生产的需要，具有较大的理论价值和研究意义。

近几年，绿色车间调度研究成果比较丰富，在智能算法和优化模型等方面都有较大进展。在国内，李益兵等[2]选取最小最大完工……