关键词：支提寺;天冠菩萨道场;孝定李太后;佛教复兴

摘 要：福建宁德支提寺作为所谓的天冠菩萨道场，历经唐宋时期的打造，元朝至明朝中期衰微圮废，是中国佛教衰微的一个缩影。明朝万历年间，孝定李太后狂热地崇奉佛教，派遣僧人圆慧重建支提寺，改赐寺额为“万寿禅寺”，先后赏赐《大藏经》、渗金大毗卢佛像等，明神宗再赐《大藏经》，这些促成了支提寺和天冠菩萨道场佛教的复兴。晚明佛教复兴的动因是当时佛教内部的振兴自救，但是万历年间孝定李太后狂热地崇奉佛教也提供了强劲动力，支提寺和天冠菩萨道场佛教的复兴正是一个极好的诠释和例证。

中图分类号：B829文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）03-0040-10

Empress Dowager Lis Worship of the Buddha and the Buddhist Revival in the Late Ming Dynasty—An Examination of Zhiti Monastery in Ningde County，Fujian Province

HE Xiao-rong （Faculty of History，Nankai University，Tianjin 300350，China）

Key words：Zhiti Monastery;site of enlightenment for Ratna-kūta;empress Dowager Li;the revival of Buddhism

Abstract：As a site of Enlightenment for Ratna-kūta，Zhiti Monastery is a representative of the recession of Buddhism in China after its establishment in the Tang dynasty and declination from Yuan to the middle of the Ming dynasties. During the reign of Emperor Wanli （1573-1620），Empress Dowager Li，mother of the emperor，worshiped Buddhism almost crazily. Having sent Monk Yuanhui to rebuild Zhiti Monastery，she issued a decree to change the board of the monastery to “Ten Thousand Years Longevity Chan Monastery.” Her donation of a set of Yongle Northern Canon and a huge Vairocana Buddha statue covered with gold foil greatly facilitated the revival of Buddhism in Zhiti Monastery and Site of Enlightenment for Ratna-K[ū]ta at the time. The revival of Buddhism in the late Ming dynasty was caused by their inner revitalization and self-salvation，but this could also be a good interpretation and evidence for the Buddhist revival due to Empress Dowager Lis worship of Buddhism.

孝定李太后（1545—1614）是明神宗生母，在萬历初政及“国本之争”中都发挥了一定作用，是明代为数不多且较有政治成就的后妃。她狂热地礼僧建寺布施，是晚明佛教复兴的重要推手。福建宁德支提寺作为所谓的天冠菩萨道场，万历年间得到孝定李太后的大肆崇奉布施而复兴，成为晚明佛教复兴的一个样板和组成部分。

迄今对孝定李太后崇佛的研究，主要有陈玉女、笔者及聂福荣等的论著1，分析了李太后崇佛的各种表现。论述晚明佛教复兴者，有夏清瑕、陈永革、戴继诚及魏道儒等人论著，着眼于剖析晚明佛教复兴的表现特征、佛学思想、禅宗流派复兴等。而对于孝定李太后崇佛促进晚明佛教复兴，包括她对支提寺和天冠菩萨道场的赏赐布施及其佛教复兴，尚缺乏阐发。……