关键词：《吕氏春秋》;酒文化;酒符号

摘 要：酒是承载历史的一个文化符号。《吕氏春秋》共160篇，与酒相关的有29篇，其中“酒”字出现了34次，酎1次，对相关内容尚未见有专文探讨。《吕氏春秋》保存了仪狄作酒、“六必”造酒法、女性作酒、饮酒礼仪等酒文化史料，关注酒的引导激励、助威利群功效，并力戒其危害败坏效果。在叙事方面，酒符号或是引子、线索，或是场景、氛围，或是终局、恶果，与随后的议论相得益彰，对后世涉酒小说的书写有一定影响。《吕氏春秋》中颇为丰富的酒文化史料，有的首见或仅见该书，弥足珍贵，在酒文化史上应具有一席之地。

中图分类号：B229.2文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）03-0032-08

Wine Culture and Symbol of Wine in Lvs Spring and Autumn Annals

WANG Qi-cai （School of Chinese Language and Literature，Fuyang Normal  University，Fuyang Anhui 236037，China）

Key words：Lvs Spring and Autumn Annals;wine culture;symbol of wine

Abstract：Wine is a cultural symbol carrying history. Lvs Spring and Autumn Annals contains 160 pieces in total，including 29 pieces related to wine，of which the word “wine” appears 34 times and “zhou” appears once，but no dedicated article has discussed them. Lvs Spring and Autumn Annals preserves the historical materials of wine culture，such as making wine by Yidi，“Liubi” wine brewing methods，female wine-making，drinking etiquette and so forth. These materials pay attention to the effects of wine，such as guiding，encouraging，cheering，as well as an admonition against its harmful and damaging consequence. In terms of narrative，the wine symbol can not only be an introduction or a clue but a scene or an atmosphere，as well as a finality or an evil result，which complements the subsequent discussion and exerts a certain influence on the description of wine-related novels in the later generations. The abundant historical materials of wine culture in Lvs Spring and Autumn Annals are first seen or only in this book，which is precious and deserves a place in the history of wine culture.

酒是承载历史的一个文化符号。“天之美禄……百礼之会，非酒不行。”[1]1182 约成书于公元前239年的《吕氏春秋》，是秦相吕不韦主编的一部集成性著作，其中不乏与酒有关的历史故事与资料。该书160篇，与酒相关的有29篇，其中“酒”字出现了34次，酎1次。[2]261与“酒”相近或相关的字，还有醴、酏、醒、酣、饮等，涉及酒的发明者、造酒方法、女性作酒、饮酒礼仪等酒文化史料，其对酒的功效、危害、节饮、养生等的论述，以及在运用酒符号叙事方面，颇有价值，然尚未见有专文探讨。吕不韦以酒打通关节，由一位买贱卖贵的珠宝商官至秦丞相，封文信侯、食河南洛阳十万户，最后饮鸩自杀，可谓成于酒亦败于酒。《吕氏春秋》中有大量的具有讽喻、借鉴意义的酒故事，耐人寻味，不失为传统酒文化和酒符号的重要源流，对后世的涉酒书写有一定影响，洵有探讨之必要。