栾成显

关键词：鱼鳞图册;顺治丈量;万历清丈;二十七都五图

摘 要：将遗存的休宁二十七都五圖顺治丈量鱼鳞册与该图万历清丈鱼鳞册进行比较，二者所载丈量弓步、计税数额及田土总数，多有不同。顺治丈量鱼鳞册登载事项与所录内容更为全面详细，还记录了此后历代佥注内容。顺治清丈并非抄誊万历旧册，而是履亩丈量，认真核算，重新攒造了鱼鳞图册。清初开国，在万历丈量的基础上，又把土地清丈与鱼鳞图册的攒造向前推进，颇有发展。

中图分类号：F129文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）03-0001-09

A Comparative Analysis of Cadastral Surveys between Shunzhi and Wanli Periods—Land Registration Book of 27 Counties and 5 Villages in Xiuning

LUAN Cheng-xian （Institute of Ancient History， Chinese Academy of Social Sciences， Beijing 100102， China）

Key words：land registration book;land surveys in Shunzhi period;land surveys in Wanli period;Land Registration Book of 27 Counties and 5 Villages

Abstract：When one compares the Land Registration Book of 27 Counties and 5 Villages in Xiuning between the Shunzhi period and Wanli period， several differences emerge， including measures of length， tax assessment， and the total acreage. The land survey in the Shunzhi period contains more categories and more complete information. It also includes notes and updates from previous surveys. Rather than simply copying the registration book in the Wanli period， the Shunzhi Cadastral Surveys represent actual surveys of land， careful calculations， and the production of new registration books. Based on Wanli surveys， the early Qing dynasty conducted its acreage assessments and further developed the cadastral survey and compilation of registration books.

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清开国之初，为核准土地税额，落实赋役征派，屡下诏令清丈土地。史载，顺治三年（1646）、顺治十年（1653）都曾下令清丈江南及直省州县田土;顺治十五年（1658），“命御史二员诣河南、山东，率州县履亩清丈，分别荒熟实数，其地亩绳尺，悉遵旧制”。又令“凡各省亩数不均者悉令地方官踏丈改正”。1可知顺治十五年有一次全国性的土地清丈活动。徽州各县于顺治初年即遵朝廷旨令，开展土地清丈，攒造鱼鳞册籍，所造鱼鳞图册有多部遗留至今。至顺治十五年，徽州府仍有清丈活动，也有攒造的鱼鳞图册遗存下来。

休宁县档案馆现藏休宁二十七都五图良字鱼鳞册，册纵25厘米，横20厘米，残缺，页内多有虫蛀。现存共5册，前4册自良字1号起至600号止，中缺302—400号;最后一册封面扉页第1面标为“得字”，第2面题“良字壹千贰百壹号起至壹千捌百号止”，册内填写“今丈良字”，现存自1201号起至1399号止。1

第一册前面有数页开……