基于取象比类探讨中医理论构建的思维方法
2021-07-06郭芮邓奕辉陈聪彭珣李定祥
郭芮 邓奕辉 陈聪 彭珣 李定祥
〔摘要〕 取象比类是中医学认识人体生命活动、构建医学理论的基本思维方法,也是中医学素养的重要体现。中医理论是古人将临床经验通过取象比类思维方法的推理总结上升的综合认识。取象比类的理论内涵包括了现代科学逻辑中的综合与类比等思维方法。基于取象比类的思维方法以汉字、自然环境、人文环境3个方面为例探讨中医理论构建的思维方法,既能了解中华传统文化赋予中医学的鲜明特征,又能为中医学的现代科学研究提供新的研究思路和借鉴。
〔关键词〕 取象比类;中医理论;思维方法
〔中图分类号〕R2-0 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.04.029
〔Abstract〕 Analogism is a basic thinking method for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to understand human life activities and construct TCM theories. It is also an important manifestation of TCM cultural literacy. TCM theory is a comprehensive understanding of the ancients' clinical experience reasoning through the analogism. The connotation of analogism includes the thinking methods of synthesis and analogy in modern scientific logic. Based on the analogism, taking three aspects of Chinese characters, natural environment, and humanistic environment as examples to explore the thinking process of TCM theory construction, not only can we understand the distinctive characteristics of TCM given by traditional Chinese culture, but also provide new research ideas and references for TCM modern scientific research.
〔Keywords〕 analogism; traditional Chinese medicine theory; thinking method
取象比類作为中国传统文化的重要思维方式,主要是通过比较具有相同特点的两种事物,从已知事物的特点来推测认识未知世界[1-3]。用联系的眼光动态地看待事物的思维方法能够从整体上把握和认识事物的运动变化规律。取象比类这一思维方法对于研究复杂的人体生命活动尤为契合。中国传统文化是中医理论形成和发展的基石,取象比类是中医理论的特色,渗透到了藏象学说、病因学说、气血津液学说等中医理论体系的方方面面。基于取象比类探索古代医家在构建中医理论时的思维过程,对于准确理解中医理论的内涵,提高临床实践和科学研究的中医思维能力具有十分重要的意义。
1 取象比类的内涵与逻辑
1.1 取象比类的内涵
象是指人类运用自身的感官感觉,包括视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉、味觉等,对客观事物的刺激进行感知,通过大脑的思维活动,对客观事物的表象及其内涵进行认识的思维产物[4-7]。……
