郑青青

摘要：越南会同庙信仰起源于越南后黎朝，兴盛于阮朝初期，融合于阮朝中后期。阮朝时期的会同庙主要供奉越南本土阴阳神、本境神灵及部分外来神，并被列入阮朝国家祀典的群祀中。在明命帝后期，部分会同庙逐渐改名为城隍庙。会同庙融入城隍庙是阮朝国家治理的有效手段。文章通过查阅越南史籍，梳理出越南会同庙信仰的发展过程和社会职能，并探寻其发展的内在因素，这将有助于了解越南阮朝建立过程中的精神文化管理策略及所体现的国家意志和国家政治，揭示其民间信仰与国家治理之间的关系。

关键词：越南阮朝;会同庙;城隍庙;国家治理

[中图分类号] D733.3            [文献标识码]  A                [文章编号] 1003-2479（2021）05-103-09

A Study of the Relationship Between the Belief in Hoi Dong Temple

and the State Governance of the Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam

ZHENG Qingqing

Abstract： The Hoi Dong Temple in Vietnam originated in the Later Le Dynasty of Vietnam， flourished in the early Nguyen Dynasty， and merged in the middle and late Nguyen Dynasty. The Hoi Dong Temple in the Nguyen Dynasty is mainly dedicated to the local Gods of Yin and Yang， other gods in Vietnam， and some foreign gods， and it is included in the national sacrificial ceremony of the Nguyen Dynasty. In the late Minh Menh Dynasty， some Hoi Dong Temples were gradually renamed Thanh Hoang Temple. The integration of Hoi Dong Temple into Thanh Hoang Temple was an effective means of national management in the Nguyen Dynasty. By consulting Vietnamese historical records， this paper sorts out the development and social functions of the Hoi Dong Temple in Vietnam， and explores the internal factors of its development. This will help understand the spiritual and cultural management strategies during the establishment of the Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam， as well as understand the national will and politics of the Nguyen Dynasty embodied in it， and reveal the relationship between its folk beliefs and dynastic state governance.

Key Words： Vietnam Nguyen Dynasty; Hoi Dong Temple; Thanh Hoang Temple; State Governance

引   言

會同庙信仰出现于越南后黎朝中兴时期（16世纪前期至18世纪末），初步发展于越南阮主政权（17—19世纪初）后期，全盛于阮朝（19世纪初至20世纪中期）初年，融合于阮朝中后期。目前，国内外学界对会同庙信仰的研究穿插在对越南神灵的研究作品中。如韦凡州的《从南海海神在越南的流传情况看越南文化的发展取向》一文中对会同庙的定义为：“所谓的会同庙，是越南阮朝时官方所建的一种把众多神祇放在一起共同祭祀的庙宇。”①越南学者谢志大长的《越地的神与人》一文中记载：“会同庙出现于后黎中兴之时，阮福映于1795年在西贡建立会同庙，1802年分别于承天和平定建立会同庙。”② 他认为阮福映建立会同庙用以巩固封建统治，会同庙信仰是越南阮朝历史文化的重要组成部分。……