朱庆

摘要：为摆脱20世纪30年代世界经济大危机的影响，欧美和日本都加强对东南亚地区的掠夺和侵略，新加坡也深受影响。欧美诸国在新加坡大肆倾销商品，日本在新加坡加速推行“南进政策”，导致新加坡华商市场被抢夺，华人中介商和零售商受到严重打击。新加坡中华总商会为挽回华商权益，举办“国货”展览推销大会，充分利用中国商品来提升华商竞争力，应对世界经济大危机后的商业新局面。新加坡中华总商会利用其组织网络和经济力量，与中华民国国民政府、商会和厂商等展开联络及协商，征集中国商品前往新加坡参加展销会。1935年和1936年的两届“国货”展览推销大会增强了新加坡华人和其他居民对中国优质商品的认知，提升了中国商品在南洋地区的销售量，维护了新加坡华商的经济利益和商业市场，推动了整个东南亚地区“国货运动”的发展。

关键词：“国货”展览推销大会;新加坡中华总商会;经济危机;华人中介商

[中图分类号] F279.339            [文献标识码]  A                [文章编号] 1003-2479（2021）05-093-10

Chinese Products Movement in Singapore after the Great Depression in the 1930s：

An Examination of the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce's National Product Exhibitions

ZHU Qing

Abstract： In order to get rid of the impact of the Great Depression in the 1930s， Europe， America and Japan have all stepped up their plunder and aggression against Southeast Asia. Therefore， Singapore is deeply affected. European and American  countries  have been  dumping goods in  Singapore， and  Japan  accelerated the  implementation  of  the "Southward Policy" in Singapore. As a result， the Chinese business market in Singapore was robbed， and Chinese intermediaries and retailers have been severely hit. In order to save the rights and interests of Chinese businessmen， the Singapore  Chinese  Chamber of Commerce（SCCC） held national product exhibitions， making full use of Chinese goods to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese businessmen so as to deal with the new business situation after the world economic crisis. The SCCC uses its organizational network and economic strength to contact and negotiate with the national government of the Republic of China， chambers of commerce， and manufacturers to solicit Chinese goods to Singapore for the fair. The two National Product Exhibitions in 1935 and 1936 enhanced the awareness of Chinese high-quality goods among Singaporean Chinese and other residents， increased the sales volume of Chinese goods in Southeast Asia， safeguarded the economic interests and commercial market of Singaporean Chinese businessmen， and promoted the development of the "domestic goods movement" in the whole Southeast Asia.

Key Words： National Product Exhibitions; Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce; The Great Depression; Chinese Intermediaries

1819年新加坡開埠以降，大量华人来到新加坡谋生和发展。截至1935年，新加坡华人数量约有43万，占新加坡总人口的75%左右①。这些华人主要为华工和华商，其中华商“以经营土产及中介商人为最多”②，此外，还有利用当地橡胶、锡矿和木材等资源开设工厂者，以及从事银行、侨批和汇兑等金融行业者等。开埠早期，英国、荷兰、美国及日本等国家的商人并没有直接在新加坡设立店铺销售货物，而是将货物售卖给当地华人中介商，华商再销售给当地居民。……