乔成奎 盛孟鸽 罗静 李晓光 陈如霞 庞涛 谢汉忠

摘 要：为了探明西瓜生产中氯吡脲使用的关键控制点，以‘中科1号和‘中科6号2个西瓜品种为试材，采用7个不同剂量的氯吡脲在开花当天涂抹瓜胎，分析西瓜坐果率、裂瓜率、番茄红素和糖含量等重要农艺性状，并评价氯吡脲的使用剂量及其安全性。结果表明，氯吡脲施药剂量与西瓜坐果率和裂瓜率呈显著正相关，西瓜中番茄红素含量与葡萄糖和果糖含量呈显著正相关，适量的氯吡脲可以提高西瓜坐果率，增加番茄红素和葡萄糖含量。‘中科1号和‘中科6号西瓜上使用氯吡脲的最佳剂量均为5 mg·kg-1。待西瓜成熟时，在2个西瓜品种的果实中均未检出氯吡脲残留，不影响消费者安全食用。研究结果可为西瓜生产中氯吡脲合理使用提供技术支撑，为引导消费提供科学依据。

关键词：西瓜;氯比脲;农艺性状;番茄红素;安全

中图分类号：S651+S482.8 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）02-042-005

Effect of forchlorfenuron on important agronomic traits of watermelon and safety evaluation

QIAO Chengkui， SHENG Mengge， LUO Jing， LI Xiaoguang， CHEN Ruxia， PANG Tao， XIE Hanzhong

（Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit （Zhengzhou）， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou 450009， Henan， China）

Abstract： In order to identify the key control points for the use of forchlorfenuron in watermelon production. Two watermelon varieties ‘ZK-1 and ‘ZK-6 were used as test materials， and seven different doses of forchlorfenuron were applied to watermelon ovary on the day of flowering. The fruit setting rate， split rate， lycopene， sugar and other important agronomic traits of watermelon were analyzed， and the dosage and safety of forchlorfenuron were evaluated. Results showed that the dosage of forchlorfenuron was significantly positively correlated with the fruit setting rate and splitting rate of watermelon. The lycopene in watermelon was significantly positively correlated with glucose and fructose. Appropriate dosage of forchlorfenuron could increase the fruit setting rate of watermelon and the content of lycopene and glucose. The optimal dosage of forchlorfenuron for ‘ZK-1 and ‘ZK-6 watermelon were 5 mg·kg-1. The residue of forchlorfenuron was not detected in the mature fruits of the two watermelon varieties， which did not affect safe consumption. The research results could provide technical support for the rational use of forchlorfenuron in watermelon production and a scientific basis for guiding consumption.

Key words： Watermelon; Forchlorfenuron; Agronomic traits; Lycopene; Safety

西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）是葫蘆科西瓜属一年生草本植物，果实甘甜多汁，清爽止渴，作为夏季消暑珍品备受广大消费者的青睐。西瓜作为一种重要的经济作物，品种丰富，果实类型繁多，在中国的种植历史悠久，栽培面积广大[1]。近年来，西瓜产业的蓬勃发展对提高农民收入和促进乡村振兴以及脱贫攻坚均发挥了重要作用。

西瓜是典型的异花授粉作物，必须经授粉后才能坐果。在早春设施栽培时，西瓜雄花花粉活力低，人工授粉困难，为促进西瓜坐果，可使用植物生长调节剂氯吡脲等处理西瓜雌花以提高坐果率[2]。……