摘  要：前工业时期，英国率先出现了科技创新迅猛发展的局面，科技创新的迅猛发展不仅催生了工业革命，而且一直深刻地影响着英国的工业化、现代化。揭示科技创新迅猛发展的原因，是深刻认识现代化的前提。发达国家开展的现代化研究，不仅不能回答“什么是现代化”等基本问题，而且走进了自我标榜的死胡同。文章以马克思的分工协作思想为指导，借助工业革命史、分工协作、信息学、社会文化等方面的研究成果，分析工业革命发生、发展的有关情况，可以看出：分工协作不仅在现代社会具有普遍的、重要的作用，而且是科技创新迅猛发展的普遍的、根本的原因，由此可以深刻认识现代化。马克思的分工协作思想既是深刻认识科技创新迅猛发展与现代化的基本理念，也是深入推进科技创新与现代化的基本措施，需要深入学习领会并结合实际开展研究。

关键词：马克思;现代化研究;分工协作;科技创新;治理体系

中图分类号：G30 文献标识码：A

DOI：10.19881/j.cnki.1006-3676.2021.04.08

Profound Understanding of Modernization from the Perspective

of  Division of Labor and Cooperation

Zhang Huaqin

（Information Center of National Energy Administration of the Peoples Republic of China，Beijing，100824）

Abstract：In the pre industrial period，the rapid development of scientific and technological innovation appeared in England，the rapid development of scientific and technological innovation not only promotes the industrial revolution，but also has a profound impact on industrialization and modernization. The deep understanding of modernization is to reveal the reasons for the rapid development of scientific and technological innovation. The modernization research carried out by developed countries not only fails to answer the basic questions such as“what is modernization”but also walk into dead end. This paper based on Marxs thoughts on division of labor and cooperation，with the help of research results in the history of industrial revolution，division of labor and cooperation，information science，social culture，etc.，the analysis of the occurrence and development of industrial revolution，not only can answer to this question that is not limited to superficial phenomena，but also it is the common and general reason for the rapid development of scientific and technological innovation，from this，we can have a deep understanding of modernization. Marxs thought of division of labor and cooperation is not only a basic idea for a deep understanding of scientific and technological innovation，but also a basic measure to further promote scientific and technological innovation and modernization. It requires in-depth study and understanding as well as carry out research in combination with reality.

Key words：Marx;Modernization research;Division of labor and coordination;Socialist discourse system;Governance system

一、問题的提出

现代化是指人类社会从工业革命以来所经历的一场剧烈变革，现代化也是一个科学昌明的时代，许多国家开展了关于现代化研究。“现代化研究的对象是现代化，因此首先要弄清楚什么是‘现代化，但恰恰在这个基本点上学者们从一开始就各说各话，并没有给出统一的概念。”[1]

现代化研究是从发达国家开始的。对于工业化、现代化的思考在中国由来已久。早在1872年，李鸿章曾说过：“自强之道在于师其所能，夺其所恃耳。……