常志臻　侯丽萍

摘要：随着当代科学技术的发展和疫苗免疫接种的推广，规模化生猪养殖形式才逐渐形成，由于养殖技术还不完全成熟，规模养殖风险依然较大，特别是仔猪的养殖，仔猪的健康与否直接影响养殖户的生猪出栏率及经济效益。母猪胎盘上的一种绒毛膜阻碍仔猪从胎盘获得免疫球蛋白分子，初生的仔猪是无母源抗体或母源抗体较少的胎生哺乳动物之一，猪乳汁是仔猪获取母源抗体的基本方式。该文主要论述了仔猪母源抗体来源方式和消长规律、母源抗体在仔猪生长及疾病治疗中的作用。

关键词：仔猪;母猪;母源抗體;免疫能力

中图分类号：S858.28 文献标识码：B doi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.21.078

The Role of Maternal Antibody in the Treatment of Piglet Diseases

Abstract：With the development of modern science and technology and the popularization of vaccine and immunization，the form of large-scale pig breeding has gradually come into being.Because the breeding technology is not fully mature，the risk of large-scale pig breeding is still large，especially for piglets，whether the piglets are healthy or not directly affects the culturing rate and economic benefit of the farmers.A chorionic membrane on the placenta of sows that prevents piglets from obtaining immunoglobulin molecules from the Placenta.Newborn piglets are one of the viviparous mammals without maternal antibodies or with low maternal antibodies，pig Milk is the basic way for piglets to acquire maternal antibodies.This paper mainly discussed the source and fluctuation of maternal antibody，and the effect of maternal antibody on growth and disease treatment of piglets.

Keywords：piglets，sows，maternal antibodies，immunity

引言

母猪生产稳定，一次产仔量较多，但是因仔猪容易患各类疾病，且发病快，死亡率高等，一直是养殖户养殖的一大痛点。仔猪免疫培养是养殖过程中重要的养殖步骤，降低仔猪患病几率，有效避免因各类疾病给养殖户带来的困扰和经济损失。因猪胎盘的特殊性，仔猪无法通过胎盘获取母体的抗体，只能通过初生后吸食母猪乳汁来获取的母源抗体，以增强对疾病的抵抗能力，提高成活率。

1 仔猪母源抗体来源方式和消长规律

母源抗体来源方式主要有卵、胎盘及乳汁3种。卵中的母源抗体是指卵生动物在孵化过程中即吸收了蛋卵中的母源抗体，孵化后即形成了一套自身的免疫系统，保证幼仔在自身免疫系统未健全的情况下能对各类疾病有一定的免疫能力。……