任北大 王庆国 程发峰 王雪茜 高颖

摘要 中醫药学是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分，保持和发扬中医药特色，具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。中药学的发展经历了不同时期不同医药家的补充和完善，蕴藏着非常实用的临床价值，而其中以性味、归经为主体的中药性能是中药理论核心，备受历代医家推崇。易水学派开山张元素在继承前人药学理论的基础上，结合自身临床用药经验，完备了中药学理论体系，影响深远。本文试从广度和深度上系统分析张元素在《医学启源》中药性理论体系和用药规律特点。具体而言，主要从药物归经、药物升降浮沉之性、引经报使理论、时令用药、药物配伍、药物补泻、辨病辨证用药等7个方面入手进行梳理，从而明晰张元素用药规律理论和应用特点，以飨同道。

关键词 医学启源; @ 张元素;易水学派;用药规律;应用特点;中药性能;理论体系;临床价值

Analysis on the Theory and Application Characteristics of Drug Administration Law in Medical Origin

REN Beida1，2，WANG Qingguo3，CHENG Fafeng3，WANG Xueqian3，GAO Ying1，2

（1 Dongzhimen Hospital，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine，Beijing 100700，China; 2 Traditional Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy Institute，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Institute，Beijing 100700，China; 3 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine，Beijing，100029，China）

Abstract Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）is an important part of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.It has very important theoretical and practical significance to maintain and carry forward the characteristics of Chinese medicine.The development of Chinese Materia Medica has undergone supplementation and improvement by different pharmacists in different periods，and it contains very practical clinical value.Among them，the properties of traditional Chinese medicine with property and taste and meridian as the main part are the core of TCM theory and have been highly praised by doctors of the past dynasties.On the basis of inheriting the predecessor′s pharmacy theories，the Yishui School of Kaishan ZHANG Yuansu，combined with its own clinical medicine experience，completes the theoretical system of Chinese medicine and has a far-reaching influence.This paper attempts to systematically analyze ZHANG Yuansu′s theory system of Chinese medicine in Medical Origin and the characteristics of the rule of medication in terms of breadth and depth.Specifically，it mainly starts from 7 aspects of drug，the nature of the ascending and descending of the drug，the theory of quotation and report，the seasonal medication，the compatibility of the drug，the replenishment and reduction of the drug，and the medication for disease differentiation，so as to clarify the application of the element of ZHANG Yuansu，law theory and application characteristica and provide references for TCM practitioners.

Keywords Medical Origin; @ ZHANG Yuansu; School of yishui; Law of drug use; Treatment feature; Property of Chinese materia medica; Theory system; Clinical value

中图分类号：R229文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.03.015

张元素，字洁古，河北省保定市易水县人，生卒年不详，据考证，张元素出生于金太宗七年（公元1129年）[1]。张元素是易水学派创始人，温补学派的奠基者，《医学启源》是其代表作之一。张元素主张革新，在继承《黄帝内经》相关理论的基础上，结合自身临证经验，提出了许多创新性见解，对易水学派乃至后世医家有重要影响，对中医学的发展起到巨大推动作用。《金史》言：“元素治病不用古方，其说曰：‘运气不齐，古今异轨，古方新病不相能也自为家法云”[2]。……