霾的发生及对植物光合作用的影响
2021-06-21郭翌谭靖之程建峰黄羽辰任奕亭沈霖钫王静
郭翌 谭靖之 程建峰 黄羽辰 任奕亭 沈霖钫 王静
摘 要:随着经济规模的迅速扩大和城市化进程的加快,由大量的尘埃、硫酸与硝酸微滴、硫酸与硝酸盐、有机碳氢化合物和黑碳粒子组成的污染性气溶胶——霾在我国日趋严重,已广泛成为一种频发的新气象和严重的灾害性天气,对空气质量、交通运输、生态环境、人体健康、旅游景观及农业生产等均造成严重影响。该文对霾的物化组成、产生原因、在我国的分布及其对植物最重要的生理过程——光合作用的影响进行概述与展望,为进一步明确植物生长发育对霾的响应、适应和抵御研究提供参考。
关键词:霾;植物;光合作用
中图分类号 Q945.11文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)09-0140-05
Abstract: With the rapid expansion of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, haze (a polluting aerosol containing large amounts of dust, micro-drops of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, sulfate and nitrate, organic hydrocarbons and black carbon) is becoming an increasing problem in China. Haze has now became a new frequent meteorological phenomenon and serious catastrophic weather, which results in severe impacts on air quality, transportation, ecological environment, body health, tourist landscape and agricultural production. In this review, the physical and chemical composition,emergence causes and distribution in China of haze and its effects on the photosynthesis of the most important physiological process in plants were summarized and prospected, which shall provide some theoretical basis and valuable references to further clarify the response, adaptation and resistance of plant growth and development to haze.
Key words: Haze; Plants; Photosynthesis
經济的快速发展和人类活动加剧所导致的环境污染,严重威胁着人类的生存和发展[1]。近些年来,由于我国大城市工业化、城市化及交通运输现代化的迅速发展,各种燃料燃烧直接排放的气溶胶粒子和气态污染物及通过光化学反应产生的二次气溶胶污染物日增[2-4],并因气团稳定导致污染物不易扩散,使得霾天气频繁出现,造成空气普遍浑浊,对视程造成障碍,不仅严重影响交通运输、工农业生产、旅游景观与人体健康,还影响全球的气候和生态系统,特别是大气气溶胶光学特性和大气系统的辐射收支状况[1],[5-10]。因此,霾的产生指示着大气质量的显著下降,已成为一种新的气象及严重的灾害性天气,引起了当前科学界、政府部门和社会公众对其广泛关注与高度重视,成为制约国民经济持续健康发展的重大问题。……
