大客车车身与车架连接断面结构优化设计
2021-06-20吴长风



摘 要:针对某大型客车半承载式车身车架连接结构展开优化设计,通过结构拓扑优化,得到悬架前后关键截面的传力路径,并据此重构结构形式,再通过尺寸优化分析,确定相关结构型材的厚度尺寸,得到结构的优化设计方案;将优化方案代入整车骨架中,进行结构刚强度分析对比,则原始与优化结构设计方案整车骨架刚度性能相当,高应力区域强度有所改善,并实现了轻量化设计。
关键词:半承载式;客车车身;拓扑优化;尺寸优化;轻量化
中图分类号:U469.72 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-2550(2021)03-0125-04
Structural Optimization Design Of Connection Section Between Body and Chassis Frame Of Semi-integral Bus Body
WU Chang-feng
( Xiamen King-long United Automotive Industry Co., Ltd, Fujian Provincial key Laboratory of Bus Safety and Energy-Saving Technology , Xiamen 361023, China )
Abstract: Aiming at the connection structure of the semi load-bearing body frame of a large bus, the optimization design is carried out. Through the structural topology optimization, the force transmission path of the front and rear key sections of the suspension is obtained, and the structural form is reconstructed accordingly. Then, through the size optimization analysis, the thickness size of the relevant structural profiles is determined, and the optimal design scheme of the structure is obtained. The optimal scheme is substituted into the vehicle skeleton for structural rigidity analysis Through the analysis and comparison of stiffness, the stiffness performance of the original and optimized structure is equivalent, the strength of high stress area is improved, and the lightweight design is realized.
Key words: Semi-integral; Bus body; Topology Optimization; Size Optimization; Lightweight
吳长风
毕业于吉林大学,博士,现就职于厦门金龙联合汽车工业有限公司工程研究院,高级工程师,任职专业总师,主要研究汽车碰撞安全与轻量化技术。
半承载式客车车身底架中间为桁架结构,前后段为槽钢结构,车架具有较大承载能力,底盘可独立运行,实现车身底盘的并行制造,工艺性较简便,成本相对较低,在国内团体以及海外市场仍然占据较大的份额。
半承载式车身结构在制造过程中,车身与车架连接结构为车身与底盘扣合时进行焊接,中间连接结构包括小截面杆件、U型槽钢等结构,结构用材刚度存在较大差异,结构设计形式比较多样,是车辆使用过程中较容易出现开裂等结构破坏。
半承载式大客车底盘主要由货车底盘设计演变,车身车架连接结构设计多数依靠经验为主,随着计算机技术的高速发展,基于有限元法与CAE的方法在客车车身骨架设计中得到了广泛的应用[1-3],尤其拓扑优化与尺寸优化的应用,能够为结构设计提供更加科学合理的传力路径[4-6],可有效提高结构设计的可靠性,并可实现结构的轻量化设计[7-8]。……
