肖芙蓉

摘  要：教师的实践性很强，其实践性一直以来都备受重视。但是目前的师范教育却存在着脱离实践等诸多问题，表现在重学术、重理论，轻实用、轻实践，学用脱节的现象。近些年对高校师范专业毕业后的学生调研表明，高校师范教学现状不容乐观，师范毕业生的教学实践能力在一定程度上存在问题，许多师范毕业生在毕业时不具备相应的教学实践技能。教学实践能力是从事师范教育的师范专業毕业生所应当具备的基本技能，高校师范毕业生的教学实践能力出现了问题有必要寻根溯源，有针对性地进行改革。文章分析了目前师范生在上学及走上教学岗位前这期间所表现出的具体问题，并就相应问题提出了可供参考的教学改革办法。

关键词：师范生;教学实践能力;现状及改革路径

中图分类号：G640       文献标志码：A         文章编号：2096-000X（2021）02-0153-04

Abstract： The practicality of teachers is very strong， and their practicality has always been highly valued. However， the current teacher education has many problems that deviate from practice， which is manifested in the phenomenon of emphasizing academics， emphasizing theory， emphasizing practicality， emphasizing practice， and disconnecting learning. In recent years， surveys of students after graduating from college teachers' colleges have shown that the status of college teachers' teaching is not optimistic. The teaching practice abilities of teachers' graduates are problematic to a certain extent， and many teacher' graduates do not have the corresponding teaching practice skills upon graduation. The teaching practice ability is the basic skill that the teachers majoring in normal education should possess. If there is a problem in the teaching practice ability of the university graduates， it is necessary to find the source and carry out targeted reforms. This article analyzes the specific problems that normal students have shown before going to school and taking up teaching positions， and puts forward the teaching reform methods for reference on the corresponding problems.

Keywords： normal students; teaching practice ability; current situation and reform path

引言

任何一类教学活动的本质都是教学实践活动，教学实践能力就是教师围绕这些教学活动所具备的教学能力。能力是实现一个任务或者目标所表现出来的综合素质，它具有实践性和有效性两大性质。能力的高低或有无是通过结果来检验的。所以，教师教学实践能力一方面建立在教学实践活动之上，另一方面受着有效性的制约，表现为完成某事。当前的教学实践与改革自然躲不开教学实践中的新问题、新变化，以满足教学的实践性和有效性需要。对“教学实践能力”的理解既要抱有整体的内涵与目标，也要关注到由此而产生的技能、经验等具体组成。……