王春雷 桂和荣 梅静梁 陈家玉 李晨 陈晨 江雅琪

摘 要：为探明宿州沱河沉积物重金属分布和污染特征，对沱河表层沉积物中8种重金属进行分析，利用地累积指数（[Igeo]）和潜在生态风险指数（RI）评价重金属的生态风险。结果表明：除Pb外，沉积物中重金属含量均高于各自背景值。从[Igeo]评价结果看，Pb、Cr、Ni、Mn处于未污染状态，Cu、Zn、As处于轻度污染状态，Cd部分采样点评价结果达到偏中度污染状态。从RI评价结果看，Cd属于很强的生态风险水平，其余元素属于轻微生态风险水平。污染来源方面，Cr、Mn、Ni主要来自金属加工;Cu、Zn主要来自居民生活产生的污染;As主要来源于工业活动产生的废水或农业生产过程中的农药化肥;Cd、Pb来源于汽车尾气、工业生产中煤的运输和燃烧及轮胎磨损中所含的粉尘等交通污染输入源。

关键词：重金属;沉积物;污染评估;沱河

中图分类号 X522; X142文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）10-0126-05

Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Suzhou Tuo River

WANG Chunlei1，2 et al.

（1 School of Earth and Environment， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan 232001， China;2 National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling （Suzhou University）， Suzhou 234000， China）

Abstract： In order to explore the distribution and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the Tuo River sediments in Suzhou， the contents of 8 heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Tuo River were studied using the geoaccumulation index （[Igeo]） and potential ecological risk index （RI） evaluate the ecological risks of heavy metals. The results showed that the heavy metals in sediments were higher than their background values except Pb. [Igeo] evaluation results show that Pb， Cr， Ni， and Mn are in a non-polluted state， Cu， Zn， and As are in a lightly polluted state， and the evaluation results of Cd sampling and evaluation have reached a moderately polluted state. The RI evaluation results show that Cd belongs to a strong ecological risk level， and the other elements belong to a slight ecological risk level. The results of pollution source analysis show that the heavy metals Cr， Mn and Ni in the sediments mainly come from metal processing; Cu and Zn mainly come from the pollution of residents′ life; As mainly comes from the waste water from industrial activities or pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural production; Cd and Pb mainly come from the traffic pollution input sources such as automobile exhaust， coal transportation and combustion in industrial production and dust in tire wear.

Key words： Heavy metals; Sediment; Pollution assessment;Tuohe River

工農业生产等活动造成的重金属污染问题越来越受到社会的广泛关注[1，2]。人类生产生活中产生的各种重金属未经处理或处理不完全，经污水管道、地表径流、大气沉降等多种途径进入水体中，通过吸附和沉降作用，最终导致产生的重金属储存在沉积物中[3，4]。进入沉积物中的重金属性质不稳定，容易受到外界因素的干扰，一旦外界环境（pH、DO、氧化还原电位等）发生变化时，储存在沉积物中性质不稳定的重金属会重新进入到水体中，从而使水质发生严重的重金属污染，对生态环境造成破坏，影响人类正常的生产生活[5-7]，严重时甚至会危害人类的生命安全。……