高琳琳 鲍广灵 张宁 李丁 马友华

摘 要：随着食品国家安全标准（GB 2762-2017）和土壤环境质量标准（GB 15618-2018）（试行）的修订，以土壤重金属全量测定值和农产品中重金属含量作为土壤重金属污染风险评价指标的研究已较为丰富，规范体系也较为成熟，而以土壤重金属有效态指标来评价农用地土壤重金属污染风险的研究尚少，土壤重金属有效态指标作为评价标准的规范更是缺乏。该文比较了国内外利用土壤重金属全量和农产品重金属含量对农用地土壤重金属污染进行风险评价的优势与不足，从土壤重金属有效态与重金属毒性、生物利用度及移动性的关系等方面进行分析，指出了土壤重金属有效态作为风险评价指标的优势与可行性，力求为推进基于有效态指标的土壤重金属污染风险评价提供思路与参考。

关键词：土壤重金属有效态;重金属污染;风险评价

中图分类号 X53文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）10-0105-06

Study on the Availability of Heavy Metals in Soil as a Risk Assessment Index for Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil and Agricultural Products

GAO Linlin1 et al.

（1Anhui Agricultural University， Hefei 230036， China）

Abstract： With the national food safety standards （GB 2762-2017） and the soil environment quality standard （GB 15618-2018） （trial） revision， with soil heavy metal total quantity measurement value and heavy metal content in agricultural products as indicators of soil heavy metal pollution risk assessment studies have relatively rich， standard system is relatively mature， and heavy metals in soil effective state indicators to evaluate farmland soil heavy metal pollution risk study is less， the soil heavy metal effective state index as evaluation standard specification is lacking.This article comparative analysis of the use of soil heavy metal content in full amount of heavy metals and agricultural products at home and abroad on the farmland soil heavy metal pollution on the advantages and disadvantages of the risk assessment， effective state of heavy metals from soil bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals， and the relationship between the mobility analysis， emphasizes the effective state of soil heavy metal as a risk evaluation index and the feasibility and advantage of makes every effort to promote the state based on the effective index of the soil heavy metal pollution and provide some references to evaluate the risk of work.

Key words： Soil heavy metal available state; Heavy metal pollution; Risk assessment

我國食品中污染物限量国家标准（GB2762-2017）和土壤环境质量标准（GB 15618-2018）分别于2017年和2018年发布实施。至此，我国基于土壤重金属全量和农产品中重金属含量的农用地土壤重金属污染风险评价方法已经日益成熟。

然而，土壤重金属全量并不能直接反映土壤重金属对土壤-植物系统形成的生态风险与危害[1-2]。同样的，农产品中重金属含量无法实现对重金属潜在危害的有效预判，只是反映土壤中重金属对当季作物的危害程度。然而，多数研究表明，农产品中重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量存在显著的相关关系[3-4]，土壤中重金属有效态数据可以很好地实现预测功能。……