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三明12个树种林下土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征

2021-06-16赖镛如陈鑫凤肖惠宝方璇陈由强朱锦懋

福建农业科技 2021年3期

赖镛如 陈鑫凤 肖惠宝  方璇 陈由强 朱锦懋

摘 要:为了解三明不同树种林下土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征,以三明森林生态系统与全球变化福建省野外科学观测研究站同质园试验地内定植8.5年的12个树种林下表层土壤(0~20 cm)作为研究对象,测定土壤pH、有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)含量并分析其生态化学计量特征。结果表明:不同树种林下土壤的pH、SOC、TN存在显著差异(P<0.05),但TP差异不显著;不同树种林下土壤C∶N、C∶P和N∶P的变化幅度分别为8.57~12.43、25.53~47.21、2.78~4.36。其中,无患子和杉木林下土壤的C∶N和C∶P显著低于其他造林树种(P<0.05),表明有机质分解速率较快;相关分析表明,12个树种林下土壤碳氮存在极显著相关关系(P<0.01),土壤TN主要影响林下土壤N∶P,SOC主要影响林下土壤C∶N、C∶P。

关键词:碳氮磷;土壤pH;化学计量比;三明;同质园

中图分类号:S 714 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253-2301(2021)03-0016-07

DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.03.004

Abstract: In order to understand the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of soil under different tree species forests in Sanming City, the surface soil (0-20 cm) under 12 tree species forests planted for 8.5 years in the experimental field of common garden in Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change Field Research Station of Fujian Province was taken as the research object, the contents of soil pH, organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were determined and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in pH, SOC and TN of soil among different tree species forests (P<0.05), but no significant differences in TP. The variation ranges of C∶N, C∶P and N∶P of soil under different tree species forests were 8.57-12.43, 25.53-47.21 and 2.78-4.36, respectively. Among them, the C∶N and C∶P of soil under Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. and Cunninghamia lanceolata forests were significantly lower than those of other afforestation species, indicating a faster decomposition rate of organic matter (P<0.05). And the correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significant correlation between the carbon and nitrogen contents of soil under 12 tree species forests (P<0.01). The total nitrogen of soil mainly affected the N∶P of soil, while the organic carbon mainly affected the C∶N and C∶P of soil.

Key words: Carbon; Nitrogen and phosphorus; Soil pH; Stoichiometric ratio; Sanming; Common garden

生態化学计量学综合生物学、化学和物理学的基本原理, 利用生态过程中多重化学元素的平衡关系, 为研究C、N、P等元素在生态系统过程中的耦合关系提供了一种综合方法[1]。其中,碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)3种元素的化学计量关系是研究土壤生态过程的核心内容[2]。研究森林土壤化学计量特征,有助于发现限制林木生长的主要土壤肥力因子,对土壤养分循环和平衡也有重要意义[3]。

近年来,为了解国内不同林型森林群落土壤的生态化学计量特征,我国学者开展了针对不同林型森林群落土壤C、N、P化学计量学的研究工作,如李慧等[4]对晋西黄土区不同树种和吕金林等[5]对黄土丘陵2种主要森林类型土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的研究。张雨鉴等[6]对云南省玉溪市新平县磨盘山森林5种不同林型土壤进行研究,发现不同林型和不同土层C、N、P间存在显著正相关;陈婵等[7]对湖南省中东部的长沙县的不同植被类型土壤碳氮磷化学计量关系的研究则表明不同植被类型对土壤的C、N、P含量及其化学计量比有着显著的影响。……

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