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氮肥不同用量对花椰菜农艺性状、产量及经济效益的影响

2021-06-16陈雪雅

福建农业科技 2021年3期

陈雪雅

摘 要:为筛选适合花椰菜的最佳氮肥用量,以花椰菜品种台亚为试验材料,依据《厦门市主要农作物施肥指导意见》,在磷、钾肥合理用量不变基础上,分别设置不施肥(CK)、不施氮肥(N0PK)、施氮肥150 kg·hm-2(N1PK)、施氮肥300 kg·hm-2(N2PK)和施氮肥450 kg·hm-2(N3PK),通过田间试验研究氮肥用量对花椰菜农艺性状、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明:在施用P2O5 120 kg·hm-2、K2O 270 kg·hm-2的基础上,增施氮肥可改善花椰菜主要农艺性状,促进花椰菜生长发育,能够提高花椰菜最终产量。其中以施氮量300

kg·hm-2对花椰菜的增产增效显著,生物产量、商品产量以及净收益分别比不施氮肥处理增加100.25%、136.22%、7.306万元·hm-2,差异均达极显著水平。

关键词:氮肥;不同用量;花椰菜

中图分类号:S 635.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253-2301(2021)03-0037-05

DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.03.008

Abstract: In order to screen the optimal application amount of nitrogen fertilizer for cauliflower, by taking the cauliflower variety Taiya as the test material, and in accordance with the ″Guiding Opinions on Fertilization of Main Crops in Xiamen″, on the basis of the same reasonable dosage of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, no fertilization (CK), no nitrogen fertilization (N0PK), nitrogen fertilization of 150 kg·hm-2 (N1PK), nitrogen fertilization of 300 kg·hm-2 (N2PK ) and nitrogen fertilization of 450 kg·hm-2 (N3PK) were set respectively, and the field experiments were conducted to study the effects of the rates of nitrogen fertilization on the agronomic traits, yield and economic benefits of cauliflower. The results showed that on the basis of the fertilization of P2O5 120 kg·hm-2 and

K2O 270 kg·hm-2, increasing the nitrogen fertilization could improve the main agronomic characters of cauliflower, promote the growth and development of cauliflower, and increase the final yield of cauliflower. Among them, the rate of nitrogen fertilization of 300 kg·hm-2 significantly increased the yield and efficiency of cauliflower, and the biological yield, commodity output and net income increased by

100.25%, 136.22% and 73,060 yuan·hm-2, respectively, compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilization, with the differences being extremely significant.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer; Different dosage; Cauliflower

随着经济和农业的发展,人们对蔬菜的需求及其品质要求越来越高[1-2]。合理施肥是蔬菜获得高产优质的关键[3],但盲目追求高产而过量施用化肥,则会导致土壤理化性状恶化,作物营养失调。其中氮肥过量使得蔬菜硝酸盐含量升高、品质下降、病蟲害易发,同时氮肥淋失易造成面源污染[4-5]。2016年以来,同安区承担农业农村部的耕地质量保护与提升——测土配方施肥技术推广巩固项目工作,针对酸性土壤,缺N、P、K或中、微量元素土壤,开展不同作物品种的田间肥效应用验证试验,探索本地区不同作物、不同类型土壤的科学施肥方法。花椰茶为十字花科芸薹属甘蓝种草本植物[6],不同学者研究表明施肥是影响花椰茶产量和品质的重要因素[7-8]。同安区是花椰菜适宜种植产区,近年种植面积逐年增加。……

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