朱开兴　黄丽娥　饶秋华　宋永康　黄薇

摘 要：比较研究鲟鱼养殖过程中应用微纳米曝气增氧机和水车式增氧机两种增氧方式的效果，采用高通量测序技术分析不同增氧方式对养殖水体中的优势菌群结构和潜在病原微生物之间的影响，以及溶解氧浓度与潜在病原微生物相对丰度的相关性。结果表明：微纳米曝气增氧机和水车式增氧机增氧方式的鲟鱼养殖水体中的优势菌群结构基本一致，且两种增氧方式下的鲟鱼养殖水体中均检测出9种潜在病原微生物（属水平）。其中潜在病原微生物Acinetobacter、Aeromonas、Clostridium、Flavobacterium、Mycobacterium、Pseudomonas在微纳米曝气增氧机中的相对丰度要低于水车式增氧机的养殖水体，但差异不显著（P≥0.05）。相关性分析结果显示，潜在病原微生物Parachlamydia、Rickettsia与养殖水体中的溶解氧浓度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。

关键词：微纳米曝气增氧机;水车式增氧机;鲟鱼养殖;微生物群落结构

中图分类号：S 965 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2021）03-0011-05

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.03.003

Abstract： The effects of two oxygenation methods including micronano aerated aerator and waterwheel aerator in the process of sturgeon culture were compared and studied in this paper， and the highthroughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the effects of different oxygenation methods on the structure of dominant bacteria and potential pathogenic microorganisms in the aquaculture water， and the correlation between the concentration of dissolved oxygen and the relative abundance of potential pathogenic microorganisms was also analyzed. The results showed that the structure of dominant bacteria in the sturgeon aquaculture water under the micronano aerated aerator and the waterwheel aerator was basically the same， and nine kinds of potential pathogenic microorganisms （genus level） were detected in the sturgeon aquaculture water under the two kinds of aeration. Among them， the relative abundance of potential pathogenic microorganisms Acinetobacter， Aeromonas， Clostridium， Flavobacterium， Mycobacterium and Pseudomonas in the micronano aerated aerator was lower than that in the aquaculture water with waterwheel aerator. But the difference was not significant （P≥0.05）. The results of correlation analysis showed that the potential pathogenic microorganisms Parachlamydia and Rickettsia were significantly positively correlated with the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aquaculture water （P<0.05）.

Key words： Micronano aerated aerator; Waterwheel aerator; Sturgeon culture; Microbial community structure

養殖水体是水生动物赖以生存的环境，对鱼类的健康生长起着至关重要的作用[1-2]。养殖水域环境中生存着大量的细菌菌群，对于养殖疾病的控制与发生、水域环境的物质代谢、水质调控及生态系统稳定等起着重要的影响作用[3]。崔丙健等[4]认为，存活于养殖环境中的病原菌尽管只占微生物群落的很少一部分，但在一定条件的刺激下会大量增殖，最终可能导致水产疾病的暴发流行。同时有研究显示，鱼病的发生几率及发病类型与养殖环境中的细菌数量呈显著的正相关[5]。……