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南海北部眼镜鱼资源利用状况研究

2021-06-15贺文珑胡世森孔令成江珈敏沈泽恩王自灵冯波

江西水产科技 2021年1期

贺文珑 胡世森 孔令成 江珈敏 沈泽恩 王自灵 冯波

摘要:根据2008-2019年南海北部渔港渔业生产抽样调查数据,统计得出南海北部的眼镜鱼(Mene maculata)产量主要来自于灯光围网,占其总产量的93.38%。利用剩余产量模型对围网作业功率在300 kW以上、功率在200~300 kW和功率在100~200 kW的CPUE数据进行了分析。模型计算出南海北部眼镜鱼的最大可持续产量在151128.99~163139.34 t,平均为155298.09 t。依据处于优势地位的围网作业功率在200~300 kW的CPUE数据的模型评估认为,2019年发生了过度捕捞。该鱼种的总可捕量宜下调为3.6×104t。

关键词:眼镜鱼;南海北部;剩余产量模型;总可捕捞量

中图分类号:P745  S937.3       文献标识码:A

Stock assessment of Mene maculata in the northern South China Sea

He Wenlong1, Hu Shisen1, Kong Lingcheng1, Jiang Jiamin1, Shen Zeen1, Wang Ziling1, Feng Bo1,2,3

(1.Fisheries college,Guangdong Ocean University., Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; 2.Southern marine science and engineering Guangdong laboratory (Zhanjiang)., Zhanjiang , Guangdong  524025, China; 3.Guangdong Provincial Far Sea Fisheries Management and Fishing Engineering Technical Research Center., Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China)

Abstract: With the pilot work of fishing quota, it indicates that the management of marine fishery changed from input control of production factors to simultaneous control of input and output. According to the data of sampling survey of fishery production at fishing ports along the northern South China Sea from 2008 to 2019, the production of Mene maculata were mainly from purse seine, accounting for 93.38% of the total catch. CPUE index from purse seine 300 kW above, 200~300 kW and 100~200kW were analyzed by surplus production models. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of Mene maculata ranged from 151128.99 to163139.34 tons, with an average of 155298.09 tons. The stock of Mene maculata was overfished in 2019 indicated by surplus production models using the CPUE data of purse seine 200~300 kW which had the maximum weight in catch, and therefore the current total allowable catch should be decreased to 36 thousand tons. The results of the study can provide reference for the determination of fishing quota for the species.

Key words: Mene maculata; surplus production model; total allowable catch; the northern South China Sea

2017年2月農业部发布了实施海洋渔业资源总量管理制度的有关通知,开始在沿海五省试点限额捕捞管理。通知要求沿海各省“应选定捕捞品种,到2020年,应选择至少一个条件较为成熟的地区开展限额捕捞管理”[1]。眼镜鱼(Mene maculata)是南海北部中上层鱼类中重要的渔获种类之一,据渔获调查统计[2,3],眼镜鱼产量占海南岛上岸渔获量的1.53%,在北部湾口其每天每kW渔获量排在第12位。因此,基于眼镜鱼资源的相对重要性,可以作为限额捕捞管理的对象进行研究。南海北部眼镜鱼的生物学特性和资源开发利用率已有过报道[4,5],但对其资源量尚缺乏明确的评估。基于中国近海多数渔业资源种类数据缺乏的现实[6],剩余产量模型因其数据需求量小,仍是当前我国被主要研究和运用的资源评估模型[7]。林彦红[8]用4种剩余产量模型评估了福建闽南浅滩中上层渔业资源利用状况,吕健等[9]用5种剩余产量模型的评估了南海北部羽鳃鲐资源的利用状况。……

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