徐海祥 王正云 施帅 王海波

摘要 在解读1+X 证书制度内涵的基础上，分析了高职院校食品类专业人才技能培养现状，提出了在1+X证书背景下深化产教融合、校企合作，推动“三教”改革。在教材上，加强新工艺、新技术的体现;在教法上，强化职业真实任务的训练;在教师上，强调教师实训教学能力的提升的“三教”改革思路，优化食品类专业人才技能培养方案，助力高职院校人才职业技能培养能力的提升，破解职业教育人才培养与社会需求脱节的难题，提高学生可持续发展能力。

关键词 1+X证书;“三教”改革;人才技能培养

中图分类号 S-01文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）10-0273-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.10.071

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Discussion on the “Three Teaching” Reform Mode of Food Professional Skills Training in Higher Vocational Colleges under the Background of 1 + X Certificate

XU Hai-xiang，WANG Zheng-yun，SHI Shuai et al （Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College，Taizhou，Jiangsu 225300）

Abstract On the basis of the 1 + X certificate system connotation， the paper analyzed the current situation of food professional skills training in higher vocational colleges，put forward to deepen the integration of production and education and school enterprise cooperation to promote the reform of “three teaching”under the background of 1 + X certificate.We should strengthen the embodiment of new technology and new technology in teaching materials; strengthen the training of professional real tasks in terms of teaching methods，and emphasize the improvement of teachers practical teaching ability in terms of teachers. The reform ideas would optimize the food professional skills training program， improve the vocational skills training ability of higher vocational colleges， solve the problem of the disconnection between vocational education personnel training and social requirements， and improve students sustainable development ability.

Key words 1+X certificate;Reform of “three teaching”;Talent skills training

2019年1月，國务院印发《国家职业教育改革实施方案》（以下简称“职教20 条”）以来，“职教20 条”中的“学历证书+若干职业技能等级证书”制度（以下简称“1+X证书制度”）就成为职业教育领域关注及初探的重要制度[1]。1+X证书制度的实质是通过“1”学历证书与“X”职业技能证书相互融合，将“X”证书反映的新技术要点、新工艺参数、新标准规范、新职业要求融入人才技能培养过程，促进高职教育主动适应社会经济发展趋势和行业企业对人才技能的需求，推动“三教”（教师、教材、教法）改革，提升高职院校职业技能人才培养的质量[2]。然而，如何让1+X证书制度与食品类专业人才技能培养方案紧密结合，并在学生技能培养方案改革中准确定位、办出特色，培养出复合型高技能人才。这需要食品类专业高职院校紧密结合经济社会发展做好顶层设计，将1+X证书制度引领“教师”“教材”“教法”（统称“三教”）改革全面融入人才培养全过程，“三教”改革直接影响高职人才培养质量，是新时代高职教育教学改革发展的重中之重。……