杨文雄 徐全明 钟连全 袁震

摘要 设计了一种新型基质槽——聚氯乙烯基质槽，将其放置于日光温室地面上进行草莓基质栽培，研究其节水节肥、保水保温性能及其对草莓生长、品质和产量的影响。结果表明：聚氯乙烯基质槽具有较好的节水节肥、保水保温效果。新型基质槽的浇水量为土栽的45.9%、高架栽培的83.0%、半基质的90.4%;新型基质槽的施肥量为土栽的57.7%、高架栽培的87.0%、半基质的98.5%。通过3种不同容积规格的基质槽对比研究，优选出中型草莓基质槽，其在草莓生长、品质和产量方面都具有明显的优势，特别是春节后每7 d只浇1次水，符合都市农业休闲采摘高端定位，具有较高的推广价值。

关键词 聚氯乙烯;基质槽;草莓;日光温室

中图分类号 S627文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）10-0186-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.10.048

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on the Matrix Tank of Strawberry in Solar Greenhouse

YANG Wen-xiong1，XU Quan-ming2，ZHONG Lian-quan2 et al （1.Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture， Beijing 102442;2.Changping Seed Management Station， Beijing 102206）

Abstract A new substrate tank—PVC matrix tank was designed， it was placed on the ground of solar greenhouse for the matrix cultivation of strawberry.Their water-saving， fertilizer-saving， water and heat preservation performance and their effects on the growth， quality and yield of strawberry were studied.The results showed that PVC matrix tank had better effects of saving water and fertilizer， preserving water and heat.The irrigation quantity of new-type matrix was 45.9% of soil planting， 83.0% of overhead cultivation and 90.4% of half substrate， respectively.The fertilizer amount of new-type matrix was 57.7% of soil planting， 87.0% of elevated cultivation and 98.5% of half substrate， respectively.Through the comparison of three kinds of matrix tanks with different volume specifications， a medium-sized matrix tank of strawberry was screened out， which had obvious advantages in the growth， quality and yield of strawberry.Especially after the Spring Festival， only one watering a week was in line with the high-end orientation of urban agricultural leisure picking， with high promotion value.

Key words PVC;Matrix tank;Strawberry;Solar greenhouse

溫室草莓是北京市都市农业的一种具体体现，除了给北京市民带来绿色、安全、高效、优质的农产品外，还承载着休闲、观光、旅游、亲子的社会功能[1]。截至2018年，北京市草莓生产面积766.7 hm2，总产量1.55万t[2-3]。目前，仍有93%的日光温室草莓种植采用土栽模式，土传病害多、环境污染严重、采摘体验差，这与北京市都市农业高端、绿色、环保的要求严重不符[4]。为此，农业科技工作者研究了多种基质或半基质栽培模式，比如聚氨酯泡沫基质栽培、硅酸盐板半基质栽培和高架基质栽培等。但是，这些栽培模式在实践应用中仍存在节水节肥效果不明显、保水保温性差、草莓品质和产量优势不明显等缺点[5-9]。……