程甜甜 孙忠奎 马深成 任红剑 褚敏 张庆凯 张林

摘要 为保存、获取大量优质杜梨古树种质资源，以当年生杜梨幼苗为砧木，接穗采用年前采自不同种源地的优质杜梨古树枝条，采用插皮接法和双舌接法2种方法于今年1月和3月进行嫁接试验。结果显示，采用插皮接法于3月嫁接的成活率达到86%，嫁接成活的杜梨新梢株高年均生长量与新梢直径年均生长量最大，分别为85和1.20 cm。综合嫁接成果率与成活植株生长情况来看，该项技术以插皮接法最好，嫁接时间以3月为最佳，砧木应选择当年生杜梨实生苗。

关键词 杜梨;古树;嫁接技术;成活率;生长量

中图分类号 S604+.3文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）10-0125-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.10.033

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Research on the Grafting Technology of Ancient Germplasm of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge

CHENG Tian-tian1， SUN Zhong-kui2， MA Shen-cheng3 et al （1. Taishan Forestry Science Institute，Taian，Shandong 271000;2.Taian Shidai Garden Technology Development Limited Company，Taian，Shandong 271000;3. Lingyan Management Area of Taishan Scenic Area Management Committee in Taian City， Taian， Shandong 271000）

Abstract In order to reserve and obtain a lots of ancient excellent germplasm resources of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge， taking the raw seedlings of P. betulaefolia as rootstock， high-quality branches of P. betulaefolia collected from different regions last year were used for scion. The grafting experiments were carried out in January and March of this year by using two methods of skin grafting and double tongue grafting. The results showed that the survival rate of shin grafting in March was 86%.The annual average growth of new shoots plant height and new shoots diameter of the skin grafting method were 85 and 1.20 cm respectively. According to the results of grafting and the growth of survival plants， the best grafting method was skin grafting， and the best grafting time was March. The rootstock should choose the raw seedlings of P. betulaefolia.

Key words Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge;Ancient trees;Grafting technology;Survival rate;Growth

杜梨（Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge），為蔷薇科梨属落叶乔木，喜光，稍耐阴，耐寒，极耐干旱，耐贫瘠及碱性土壤[1]。杜梨在华北及西北地区应用推广较多， 是常用的防护及沙荒地造林树种，它可用作防护林、水土保持林， 杜梨树形优美， 花色洁白， 花朵稠密，果实累累， 叶片较大， 深秋叶片变红，具有较好的观赏特性， 是园林常用的绿化树种，可丛植、列植于公园、街道路边，又为庭院观赏树种，常定植于庭院中[2]。杜梨深根性，抗病虫害力强，适宜栽植于干旱、盐碱地区[3]，是北方地区栽培梨的重要砧木之一。杜梨木材材质致密，可制成家具箱柜和细木工雕刻等器物;其树皮能够提取栲胶，用作纸、绢、棉染料及食品的着色剂;其果实可作收敛剂入药，又可酿酒供食用[4]，开发利用价值较大。

我国是梨属植物的发源地，类型丰富，种质资源较多[5]。……