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糖尿病肾病肾小管损伤的研究进展

2021-06-15张海桥段鹏

中国医学创新 2021年12期

张海桥 段鹏

【摘要】 随着糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)发病率的逐渐升高,糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)也越来越常见,现已成为糖尿病最严重的并发症之一。高血糖、糖基化终产物、生长因子、炎性因子及氧化应激等各种发病因素相互存在,互为因果,形成恶性循环,最终可形成糖尿病肾病。在过去,肾小球损伤被认为是糖尿病肾病的主要发病机制,但是越来越多的证据表明肾小管损伤也是引起糖尿病肾病发展的重要因素。本文将重点就肾小管损伤在糖尿病肾病发展中的机制进行论述。

【关键词】 糖尿病肾病 肾小管损伤 发病机制

Research Progress of Renal Tubular Injure in Diabetic Kidney Disease/ZHANG Haiqiao, DUAN Peng. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(12): -185

[Abstract] With the gradual increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become more and more common and has become one of the most serious complications of diabetes. Various pathogenic factors such as hyperglycemia, advanced glycosylated-end products, growth factors, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress are inter-existing, causing each other to form a vicious circle, and eventually diabetic kidney disease can be formed. In the past, glomerular injury was considered to be the main pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, but more and more evidences showed that renal tubular injury was also an important factor in the development of diabetic kidney disease. This article focused on the mechanism of renal tubular injury in the development of diabetic kidney disease.

[Key words] Diabetic kidney disease Renal tubular injury Pathogenesis

First-authors address: The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.12.044

2019年国际糖尿病联盟公布的流行病学调查数据结果提示,20~79岁的群体中约有4.63亿人患有糖尿病,发病率高达9.3%,其中,我国糖尿病患者高达1.16亿,是全球糖尿病患者最多的国家[1]。约40%的糖尿病患者伴有糖尿病肾病,DKD是引起慢性肾脏病和终末期肾病的主要原因。最初,DKD被认为是一种以大量尿蛋白排泄和超滤为特征的进行性疾病,最终可导致肾衰竭。微量白蛋白尿和肾小球滤过率升高被认为是肾小球损害的标志,但在一些糖尿病患者的研究中发现了其肾小球滤过率降低却是正常白蛋白尿,故而人们的研究兴趣转向了肾小管[2]。肾小管可能在引起糖尿病肾病的早期发病机制中充当引发剂、驱动器或贡献者,因此对肾小管损伤在糖尿病肾病发病机制中扮演的重要角色进行综述。

1 糖尿病的肾小管结构和功能改变

肾单位是由肾小球、肾小管及肾间质构成的肾脏基本功能单位。……

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