内容摘要：敦煌文献中的大量人名，不但是敦煌历史人物研究的重要宝库，也是对敦煌写卷断代的重要依据。敦煌人名的形式极其复杂。写卷先后延续，有些人出现在敦煌文献的时间跨度长达60年，人物的称谓随着身份地位的改变而改变;写手的文化素养或者用字习惯不同，或异体俗字，或同音替代，或删简省略，同一人的名字往往有若干不同的变体。这些不同称谓与变体，使同一人的材料被分割得支离破碎，看似毫无关系。对同一人的不同称谓与人名变体的认同是推动敦煌人物与历史研究的前提条件。本文主要讨论敦煌文献同一人名的异称，钩连考索同一名字的不同变体，共分四个部分：音近相代、人名简省、俗名与法名、人物代称等。

关键词：敦煌文献;人名;异称

中图分类号：G256.1  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2021）02-0124-07

Research on the Various Appellations Used to Designate the

Same People in Dunhuang Documents

BAO Zongwei

（College of Humanities， Zhejiang Normal University， Jinhua， Zhejiang 321004）

Abstract：A large number of the names of historical personages have been preserved in Dunhuang documents and provide a wealth of information for researching the historic figures of Dunhuang， as well as an important basis for dating and collating handwritten Dunhuang manuscripts. The handwritten manuscripts this research focuses on were created intermittently， with records of some figures spanning a period of up to 60 years. The appellations used to indicate these people varied with changes in their social status： the same person may have had several completely different names that were written in popular graphic forms， substituted by homophonic characters， or written in abridged forms due to the variance in literacy between scribes. Furthermore， because these historical records were catalogued based on topic rather than individual case， information relevant to the same individuals was scattered into seemingly unrelated segments. Therefore， establishing the correct identities of these personages and collecting the various appellations by which they were known is an important precondition for advancing research into the prominent figures of Dunhuangs history. To this end， this research traces the different variants of certain appellations found in Dunhuang documents and analyzes the change in form that occurs based on homophonic substitution， name abridgement， differences in secular and religious names， and character antonomasia.

Keywords：Dunhuang literature; person names; variant appellation

敦煌文獻中有大量的人名，如佛经常有抄写人或者供养人的题记，世俗文书与寺院文书更是人名繁多。如果能把这些人名全部整理出来，一一加以考证，对同一人物不同名称认同，把不同人物的重名区分开来，理清人物的生平与活动轨迹，明确人物活动的时间与空间，再以此人物为标尺对敦煌写卷进行断代、整合、类聚，使6万多件散乱无章的敦煌文献形成一个整体，将会极大地推动敦煌学研究的深度和广度。

关于敦煌人名的辑录前人时贤已经做了大量的工作。姜亮夫《敦煌学论文集》附录《敦煌经卷壁画中所见释氏僧名录》与《敦煌经卷题名录》，共收录僧人名字140个，写经生名字203个[1]。……