内容摘要：古阳洞是龙门石窟开凿最早的石窟，内存北海王元详题记具有重要的史料价值：可补充孝文帝南伐诸多细节，可丰富龙门石窟早期造像史内容，可展示北魏皇室贵族与僧侣阶层交往细节，可勾勒元详一家荣辱盛衰过程。将元详相关题记放在历史背景中考量研究，可充分发掘其独特的史料价值，为历史研究提供新史料。

关键词：龙门石窟;古阳洞;题记;北海王;元详

中图分类号：K879.23  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2021）02-0112-08

Restudying the Inscriptions Regarding King Beihai in the

Longmen Grottoes

WANG Ruilei

（College of Prison Science， Central Institute for Correctional Police， Baoding， Hebei 071000）

Abstract：Guyang cave is the earliest cave constructed at the Longmen Grottoes in which a large number of stone inscriptions from the Northern Wei dynasty have survived to the present today. Among these inscriptions， the most important is that left by Yuan Xiang， King of Beihai and younger brother of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei dynasty. The text of these inscriptions is relevant to a number of historical and cultural topics， including： the events surrounding Emperor Xiaowen's expedition to the south， the history of the early cave images created at Longmen， details of the communication between royal families and monasteries in the Northern Wei dynasty， and the rise and fall of the family of Yuan Xiang. By analyzing the information revealed by these inscriptions against the historical background of the time， researchers can fully explore this unique historical document and provide new understandings that will be useful for further historical research.

Keywords：Longmen Grottoes; Guyang cave; inscription; King of Beihai; Yuan Xiang

龍门石窟是闻名世界的中国三大石窟之一，其最大特点是有数量众多的石刻题记。龙门石窟开凿最早的是古阳洞，约开凿于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后。古阳洞是北魏中晚期龙门最重要的造像中心，保存有大量的北魏石刻题记。古阳洞共有石刻题记685品，其中有纪年的109品，占整个龙门石窟有纪年题记的七分之一。古阳洞109品有纪年的题记中，北魏时期的有99品。这些题记时间确切、内容丰富，对于补充北魏中晚期历史具有极为重要的价值。龙门古阳洞北魏石刻题记供养人涉及元魏宗室贵族、西北少数民族、中原汉族官员、北魏社邑等各个阶层，内容涉及政治史、民族史、社会史多个领域。

古阳洞有石刻题记的元魏贵族有四位，按照辈分排列分别是安定王元燮，相关石刻题记两品;广川王元略（贺兰汗），相关石刻题记七品;齐郡王元祐，相关石刻题记两品;北海王元详，相关石刻题记四品。

一 题记录文与史料特点

龙门石窟古阳洞北海王元详相关的题记有四品：一是其本人的造像题记，一是其母亲高太妃的造像题记，两品是其供养的比丘法生和慧乐的造像题记。……