杨瑞娟 王桥美 彭文书 龚婉莹 赵苗苗 严亮

摘  要：为了探究景迈山普洱茶区不同生境茶园根际土壤微生物群落结构多样性和差异性，对景迈山普洱茶区的微生物进行溯源，更好地保证景迈山原产地生产的普洱茶微生物的一致性。采用平板涂布分离技术，对从3个有机台地茶园（TS-A、TS-B、TS-C）和景迈山古茶园（GS-D）采集的根际土壤微生物进行培养，并利用分子生物學技术鉴定其种类。在茶园根际土壤微生物中经分离纯化共得到417株细菌和143株真菌，分别归类于27个细菌属和18个真菌属，4个茶园根际微生物多样性不同，细菌多样性和真菌多样性的排序分别为：GS-D>TS-A>TS-C>TS-B和TS-A>TS-B>TS-C>GS-D。4个茶园的微生物群落均含有节细菌属（Arthrobacter）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、杆菌属（Lysinibacillus）、类芽孢杆菌属（Paenibacillus）、曲霉属（Aspergillus）和青霉菌属（Penicillium），其中芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）和青霉菌属（Penicillium）为优势菌属。结果表明，景迈山不同生境下的根际土壤微生物群落组成有差异性，3个有机台地茶园的细菌多样性低于古茶园，但真菌多样性高于古茶园。3个有机台地茶园的规律如下：茶树品种一样，套种品种多的茶园的细菌和真菌多样性都高于套种品种少的茶园，套种品种相似的茶园，茶树品种越多，细菌的多样性更高，而真菌多样性更低。

关键词：景迈山;茶园;根际微生物

中图分类号：S571.1      文献标识码：A

A Preliminary Study on the Distribution Diversity of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community in Tea Plantations with Different Habitats of Jingmai Mountain， Yunnan， China

YANG Ruijuan1，2，3， WANG Qiaomei2，3，4， PENG Wenshu2，3， GONG Wanying2，3， ZHAO Miaomiao2，3，

YAN Liang2，3*

1. College of Food Science and Technology， Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming， Yunnan 650201， China; 2. College of Tea （Puer）， West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences， Puer， Yunnan 665000， China; 3. Puer Institute of Pu-erh Tea， Puer， Yunnan 665000， China; 4. College of Plant Protection， Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming， Yunnan 650201， China

Abstract： To explore the diversity and difference of rizosphere soil microbial community structure in tea gardens of different habitats in Pu-erh tea area of Jingmai Mountain， so as to better ensure the consistency of microorganisms in Pu-erh tea production in the original place of Jingmai Mountain， the plate coating separation technology was used to culture the microorganisms collected from three organic terraced tea gardens （TS-A， TS-B， TS-C） and Jingmai Mountain ancient tea garden （GS-D）， and the molecular biology technology was used to identify the species. A total of 417 strains of bacteria and 143 strains of fungi were isolated and purified， respectively distributed in 27 bacterial genera and 18 fungal genera. The rizosphere microbial diversity of the four tea gardens was different， the order of bacterial diversity and fungal diversity was GS-D>TS-A>TS-C>TS-B and TS-A>TS-B>TS-C>GS-D， respectively. The soil rizosphere microbial communities of the four tea gardens all contained Arthrobacter， Bacillus， Lysinibacillus， Paenibacillus， Aspergillus and Penicillium， Bacillus and Penicillium were the dominant genera. The results showed that the composition of the rizosphere soil microbial community in different habitats of Jingmai Mountain was different. The bacterial diversity of the three terraced tea gardens was lower than that of the ancient tea garden， but the fungal diversity was higher than that of the ancient tea garden. More intercropped plants would result in higher bacterial diversity and fungal diversity in organic terraced tea gardens. More varieties of tea trees would lead to higher bacterial diversity and lower fungal diversity in terraced tea gardens.

Keywords： Jingmai Mountain; tea garden; rhizosphere microorganism

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.04.039

景迈山位于中国云南省的西南边陲，坐落于普洱市瀾沧拉祜族自治县惠民乡，地处北纬221205.8，东经1000202.5，以普洱茶盛名，是有名的几大普洱茶山之一，有成片的现代有机茶园，也有占地面积1867 hm2的古茶园。在世界物质文化遗产申报的……