林兆里 张华 罗俊 高世武 姚俊丽 许莉萍

摘  要：為明确甘蔗施用硅肥对甘蔗条螟（Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer）抗性的影响，在田间自然螟虫胁迫条件下，对甘蔗含硅量、抗条螟性指标和产量性状等进行测定。结果显示，硅肥在187.5～750 kg/hm2施用量范围内能显著提高整个生长季甘蔗植株的硅含量，显著降低甘蔗条螟钻蛀率和为害程度。硅肥施用量、植株硅含量和抗条螟性指标间响应一致。采用因子分析对7个抗条螟性指标进行简化，可分为3个公因子，即苗期条螟为害因子、工艺成熟期条螟为害因子和条螟生长发育因子。苗期螟害枯心率、工艺成熟期螟害节率和羽化率可作为硅肥调控甘蔗对条螟抗性效应的评价指标。经逐步回归分析可知，在7个抗条螟性指标中，苗期螟害枯心率和累积蛀道长度对蔗茎产量影响最大。562.5 kg/hm2硅肥施用量对甘蔗条螟防治效果和甘蔗增产效应最适宜。研究表明，硅肥能显著提升甘蔗植株硅含量，增强甘蔗植株对条螟的抗性，有效降低甘蔗条螟发生为害，促进甘蔗增产增收。

关键词：甘蔗;硅肥;条螟;抗条螟性指标;产量

中图分类号：S566.1;S474      文献标识码：A

Effect of Silicon Fertilizer on Sugarcane Production and Its Resistance to Stalk Borer

LIN Zhaoli1， ZHANG Hua1， LUO Jun1， GAO Shiwu1， YAO Junli2， XU Liping1*

1. Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding （Fujian）， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University / National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350002， China; 2. College of Plant Protection， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350002， China

Abstract： In order to validate the effect of silicon fertilizer on the increase of sugarcane resistance to Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer， the silicon content， the resistance indexes of stalk borer and yield traits of sugarcane were investigated under the natural population of stalk borer in the field. The application amount range of 187.5-750 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer could significantly increase the silicon content in sugarcane in the whole growth period， significantly reduce the boring rate and damage degree of stalk borer. The positive responses observed due to the amount of silicon fertilizer were consistent with the content of silicon in sugarcane and the indexes of stalk borer resistance. In term of the results of factor analysis， the seven resistance indexes could be simplified to three main factors， including the damage factor of stalk borer at seedling stage， the damage factor of stalk borer and growth and development factors of stalk borer at technically matured stage. The rate of dead heart at seeding stage， the rate of bored internodes and the rate of adult emergence at technically matured stage could be used as the indexes for evaluation the effect of silicon fertilizer on sugarcane resistance to stalk borer. Based on the stepwise regression analysis， the dead heart rate and the length of cumulative tunnels among the seven resistance indicators had the greatest effect on sugarcane yield. The dosage of 562.5 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer could result in the best effects on the control of sugarcane borer and increment of sugarcane yield. This study shows that silicon fertilizer can significantly increase the silicon content in sugarcane and enhance the resistance to stalk borer， and thus effectively reduces the occurrence and damage of stalk borer， together with the promotion to increase sugarcane yield and income.

在甘蔗工艺成熟期每小区连续测定20株甘蔗株高、茎径和田间锤度，及单位面积有效茎数，计算成茎率、单茎重和蔗茎产量。成茎率=单位面积有效茎数/单位面积总苗数×100%，单茎重（kg）=0.785×株高×茎径2/1000，产量（t/hm2）=单茎重×每公顷有效茎数/1000。

1.3  数据处理

采用IBM SPSS Statistics 22软件进行数据统计分析。采用ANOVA单因素方差分析的Duncans新复极差法进行多重比较……