胡绍彬 王锦涛 赵秋月 代亚兰 刘若南 刘林婷 朱东煌 李延 王平

摘  要：對福建省平和县100 m和500 m不同海拔‘琯溪蜜柚结果母枝春梢直径生长、花芽分化过程开展研究，以探寻不同海拔对花芽分化的影响，为不同海拔蜜柚采用环剥促花措施时期提供依据。结果表明：在9月底不同海拔的蜜柚都有少数芽开始花芽生理分化，花原基渐渐形成;当春梢直径增长率经历一个高峰值后，花芽生理分化开始加速;同一时期，低海拔蜜柚花芽分化率高于高海拔;当春梢直径进入一个增长率为1.4%左右的低速期时，花芽分化进入形态分化阶段;不同海拔蜜柚在达到相同花芽分化率（大于35%）的时间差、进入低增长率时间差、进入形态分化的时间差和开花时间差大致吻合，低、高海拔大约相差14 d。花芽生理分化阶段和形态分化的初始阶段对蜜柚树体进行环剥可以提高花和果实的数量，提早开花，使果实成熟期提前，并且环剥时间越早越明显。由此，相对于传统的12月中旬蜜柚环剥促花措施，低海拔可提前至10月中旬，高海拔在11月初左右，环剥促花效果好且能使果实提前成熟。

关键词：琯溪蜜柚;春梢;花芽分化;海拔;环剥

中图分类号：S666.3      文献标识码：A

Influence of Different Altitude on Flower Bud Differentiation of ‘Guanximiyou Pummelo （Citrus grandis） in Different Altitudes

HU Shaobin1， WANG Jintao1*， ZHAO Qiuyue1， DAI Yalan1， LIU Ruonan1， LIU Linting1， ZHU Donghuang2， LI Yan3**， WANG Ping1**

1. Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants， College of Horticulture， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350002， China; 2. Pinghe Agriculture Bureau of Fujian Province， Pinghe， Fujian 363700， China; 3. College of Resources and Environment， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350002， China

Abstract： The diameter growth and flower bud differentiation of ‘Guanximiyou pummelo （Citrus grandis） spring shoot were studied at different elevations of 100 m and 500 m in Pinghe， Fujian to explore the influence of different elevations on flower bud differentiation， and to provide a basis for the adoption of pummelo girdling measures at different elevations. There were a few buds to start physiological differentiation at the end of September， and flower primordium formed gradually. The physiological differentiation began to accelerate when the diameter growth rate of spring shoot experienced a growth peak. The differentiation rate was higher at lower than at higher elevations during the same period. The flower bud entered a morphological differentiation stage when the diameter entered a low-speed growth period with a growth rate of about 1.4%. The time interval of reaching the same flower bud differentiation rate， entering low growth rate， entering morphological differentiation and flowering at low and high elevations were roughly consistent with about 14 d. Girdling could be carried out at the physiological differentiation stage and the initial stage of morphological differentiation of flower buds， the number of flowers and fruits could be increased， flowering and ripening advanced， the earlier the girdling time was， the more obvious they were. Therefore， compared with the traditional girdling in the middle of December， the time of girdling in low-altitude pummelo could be advanced to mid-October， while high-altitude pomelo in early November or so， it had good effect of promoting flower and made the fruit ripened ahead of time.

Keywords： ‘Guanximiyou pummelo （Citrus grandis）; spring shoot; flower bud differentiation; altitude; girdling

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.04.017

‘琯溪蜜柚原产于福建省平和县，是栽培柚类中的名品。花芽分化是果树生产的重要时期之一，花芽分化的早晚与开花和结果的时间均有一定的相关性[1-2]。果树花芽分化全过程应包括花芽孕育期（花诱导，即生理分化期）、花芽发端期、花芽发育期（花芽形态建成）3个阶段[3-4]。……