李坤 岳学文 史亮涛 李小英 李建查 潘志贤 陈丽美

摘  要：本研究通过探索红心火龙果营养品质和产量对稻壳有机肥施用量的响应，旨在为红心火龙果的施肥管理提供参考。以5年生‘台农二号红心火龙果为供试材料，设置3个稻壳有机肥施用水平（低施肥量L：22 500 kg/hm2;中施肥量M：45 000 kg/hm2;高施肥量H：90 000 kg/hm2），调查火龙果全年各批次果实的还原糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C（Vc）、可溶性固形物、花青素、可食率及产量。结果表明：（1）稻壳有机肥施用量对部分批次火龙果的果实营养品质、果数及產量影响显著;（2）存在显著差异的批次中，增加有机肥施用量对火龙果花青素、可溶性固形物、Vc、果数以及产量具有显著的促进作用，其中相较于L处理，花青素含量在7月19日批次中M处理增大5.59%，可溶性固形物在9月6日批次中H处理增大6.95%，Vc含量在10月23日批次中M处理和H处理分别增大24.11%和14.29%，果数在9月6日批次中M处理和H处理分别提高372.73%和172.73%，产量在9月6日批次中M处理和H处理分别提高373.44%和165.63%（P<0.05）;（3）还原糖和可溶性蛋白含量在差异显著的批次中随有机肥施用量的增加而减少;（4）在3个有机肥施用量下，L处理的经济效益最好，同时营养品质和可食率较优。综上所述，调控稻壳有机肥施用量显著改善红心火龙果果实营养品质和可食率。

关键词：稻壳有机肥;施肥量;红心火龙果;品质;产量;经济效益

中图分类号：S667.9      文献标识码：A

Response of Quality and Yield in Red Pitaya to Change in Amounts of Chaff Organic Fertilizer

LI Kun1， YUE Xuewen1， 2， SHI Liangtao1*， LI Xiaoying3， LI Jiancha1， PAN Zhixian1， CHEN Limei3

1. Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Yuanmou， Yunnan 651300， China; 2. Yunnan Changrun Ecological Agriculture Technology Development Co.， Ltd.， Yuanmou， Yunnan 651300， China; 3. College of Ecology and Environment， Southwest Forestry University， Kunming， Yunnan 650224， China

Abstract： The objective of this paper is to evaluate the response of quality and yield in red pitaya to different amounts of chaff organic fertilizer to provide the theoretical foundation for red pitaya planting with chaff organic fertilizer. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of five-year-old ‘Tainong No.2 red pitaya under three levels of fertilization amounts. The following fertilizer treatments were applied： （1） low fertilization amounts （L） at 22 500 kg/hm2 chaff organic fertilizer， （2） moderate fertilization amounts （M） at 45 000 kg/hm2 chaff organic fertilizer， （3） high fertilization amounts （H） at 90 000 kg/hm2 chaff organic fertilizer. Reducing sugar， soluble protein， vitamin C （Vc）， soluble solids， anthocyanin， and fruit yield were compared. The fruit quality， fruit number， and yield in some batches of red pitaya were significantly different among the three treatments. In batches with significant differences， the increase in fertilization amounts significantly increased anthocyanin， soluble solids， Vc， edible rate， fruit number and yield. Compared with L treatment， the anthocyanin content in the July 19 batch in M treatment significantly increased by 5.59%; the soluble solid in the September 6 batch in H treatment significantly increased by 6.95%; the Vc content in the October 23 batch in M and H treatment significantly increased by 24.11% and 14.29%; the fruit number in the September 6 batch in M and H treatment increased by 372.73% and 172.73%; the yield in the September 6 batch in M and H treatment increased by 373.44% and 165.63% （P<0.05）. However， reducing sugar and soluble protein significantly decreased with the increasing fertilization amounts （P<0.05）. The profitability of fertilization amounts in 22 500 kg/hm2 was the best among the three treatments， and this fertilization practice was relatively good at nutritional quality and edible rate of red pitaya fruit. The results suggest that the application amounts of chaff organic fertilizer significantly improve the quality and edible rate of red pitaya fruit.

Keywords： chaff organic fertilizer; fertilizing amount; red pitaya; fruit quality; yield; economic benefits

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.04.015

火龙果（Hylocereus undatus），属仙人掌科（Cactaceae）量天尺属（Hylocereusundatus）和蛇鞭柱属（Seleniereus）植物[1]，耐干旱，耐高温，适应性极强，在我国广西、海南、贵州、云南等南方省（区）均有规模化栽培[2]，已成为农业的新、特、优开发项目[3]。此外，其含有一般植物少有的植物性白蛋白和花青素，还含有丰富的维生素和水溶性膳食纤维，备受消费者喜爱[4-5]。火龙果产量和品质与施肥技术密切相关[6]，而在实际生产中果农通常根据经验来管理，缺乏科学的理论指导。……