韩忠钰 金鑫 邓燕 赵艳 吕烈武 黄顺坚 李长江

摘  要：氮素是影響植物生长和养分吸收的重要养分之一，为深入理解菠萝氮素营养生理，本研究以金菠萝为试验对象，通过盆栽试验研究不同施氮水平（0、25、50、100、150、300 mg/kg）对金菠萝苗期植株生长、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量以及养分吸收的影响。结果表明：随施氮水平增加，金菠萝植株的叶片数、地上部干重、根系干重和总干重都持续增加，在300 mg/kg时生长最好;D叶中叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素含量随施氮水平升高呈先升后降的趋势，在100 mg/kg时达到最大值;施氮水平增加提高了金菠萝植株N、P、K的吸收;随施氮水平升高，茎、叶中Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn含量上升，但茎、根中Fe含量下降，除Fe以外的中微量元素吸收量呈增加趋势。因此，本试验条件下，施氮水平增加促进了金菠萝苗期生长与养分吸收。

关键词：金菠萝;氮素;叶绿素;养分吸收

中图分类号：S668.3      文献标识码：A

Effects of Different Levels of Nitrogen Application on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Pineapple Variety ‘MD-2 at Early Growth Stage

HAN Zhongyu1， JIN Xin1， DENG Yan2， ZHAO Yan1， LYU Liewu3， HUANG Shunjian3， LI Changjiang1*

1. College of Tropical Crops， Hainan University / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Biological Resources， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 2. College of Resources and Environment， Southwest University / Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin， Beipei， Chongqing 400715， China; 3. Hainan Provincial Soil and Fertilizer General Station， Haikou， Hainan 570203， China

Abstract： Nitrogen （N） is one of the essential macro nutrients affecting plant growth and nutrient uptake. In this study， the effects of different application levels of N （0， 25， 50， 100， 150， 300 mg/kg） on plant growth， chlorophyll and carotenoid content， and nutrient uptake of pineapple variety ‘MD-2 at early growth stage were investigated in a pot experiment. The leaf number， above-ground dry weight， root dry weight and total dry weight of the ‘MD-2 pineapple plant continued to increase with the increase of N application level， and the growth was the best at 300 mg/kg. The content of chlorophyll a， b and carotenoid in D-leaf firstly increased and then decreased in response to increased N application level， reaching the maximum value at 100 mg/kg. Plant N， P and K uptake generally increased as the N application level went up. The content of Ca， Mg， Mn， Cu， and Zn increased in stem and leaves with increased N application， but the Fe content reduced， and as a result the total uptake of investigated intermediate nutrients and micronutrients except Fe increased. To sum up， under the condition of this experiment， the increase of N application level promoted the growth and uptake of most nutrients of ‘MD-2 pineapple.

Keywords： ‘MD-2 pineapple; nitrogen; chlorophyll; nutrients

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.04.014

菠萝（Ananas comosus）是一种典型的热带作物，在生长的过程中对养分的需求比较大，施肥是菠萝种植过程中重要的措施。金菠萝（‘MD-2）是由美国夏威夷菠萝研究院Del Monte Inc.培育的优良鲜食品种，属于国际贸易主流菠萝品种之一，近年来陆续引进到海南、广东、广西等菠萝主产区，表现出较好的市场潜力[1-2]。

氮素作为植物必需的大量营养元素之一，是多种生命物质的组成部分，对植物的生长、发育具有重要影响[3]。作为菠萝生长中基本元素之一的氮素，它决定了菠萝的生长和产量[4]。施用氮肥会增加菠萝产量，也会增加植株对N、P、K及中微量元素的吸收[5];氮素供应不足会导致产量下降，但氮素过量会对果实品质和环境造成影响[6-7]。……