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紫云英配施化肥对土壤腐殖质各组分的影响

2021-06-15冯颖温晓兰石温慧

安徽农学通报 2021年8期

冯颖 温晓兰 石温慧

摘 要:试验设置不施肥(CK)、传统化肥(100%CF)、紫云英配施100%传统化肥(GM+100%CF)、紫云英配施80%传统化肥(GM+80%CF)、紫云英配施60%传统化肥(GM+60%CF)、紫云英配施40%传统化肥(GM+40%CF)等6个处理,探讨紫云英配施化肥对土壤腐殖质各组分的影响效果。结果表明:(1)与100%CF相比,紫云英配施化肥的胡敏酸和富里酸含量显著升高(p<0.05),胡敏素含量显著降低(p<0.05)。(2)胡敏素有机碳含量最高,为6.1~9.2g/kg,占土壤总有机碳的46.5%~70.4%;富里酸有机碳含量次之,为2.0~5.0g/kg,占土壤总有机碳的15.2%~38.3%;胡敏酸有机碳含量最低。(3)紫云英配施化肥提升了胡敏酸和富里酸对土壤总有机碳的贡献率。因此,建议在豫南地区水稻田利用紫云英配施化肥提升土壤质量和肥力。

关键词:紫云英配施化肥;土壤腐殖质;有机碳

中图分类号 S152.4 文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)08-0095-03

Abstract: A four-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with Chinese milk vetch on soil humus fraction. The field experiments included six treatments: no fertilizer (CK), traditional fertilizer (100%CF), Chinese milk vetch combined with 100% traditional fertilizer (GM+100%CF), Chinese milk vetch combined with 80% traditional fertilizer (GM+80%CF), Chinese milk vetch combined with 60% traditional fertilizer (GM+60%CF), Chinese milk vetch combined with 40% traditional fertilizer (GM+40%CF). The following results showed that: (1) Compared with CK, contents of HA and FA significantly increased (p<0.5),contents of HM significantly decreased (p<0.5). (2) The organic carbon content of HM was as high as 6.1~9.2g/kg, accounting for 46.5%~70.4% of total organic carbon; the organic carbon content of FA was 2.0~5.0g/kg,accounting for 15.2%~38.3% of total organic carbon; the organic carbon content of HA was lowest. (3) Chinese milk vetch combined with traditional fertilizer increased contribution of HA and FA to soil total organic carbon,decreased contribution of HM to soil total organic carbon. Therefore,Chinese milk vetch combined with traditional fertilizer was suggested to fertilize soil and improve soil quality in southern Henan rice-producing areas.

Key words: Chinese milk vetch combined with traditional fertilizer; Humus; Organic carbon

腐殖质是土壤有机物质在微生物作用下形成的一类结构复杂、性质稳定的特殊性质的高分子化合物,占土壤有机质的60%~80%,在改善土壤物理化学及生物学性质、促進土壤有机碳的循环和转化、维持农业生态系统稳定等方面具有重要作用,是全球碳平衡过程中的重要碳库[1-3]。根据腐殖质在酸碱中的溶解性将其分为胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)和胡敏素(HM)。胡敏酸是土壤腐殖质中最活跃的部分,阳离子交换量高,能提升土壤吸附性能和保水保肥能力,促进土壤良好结构体的形成;富里酸既是形成胡敏素的一级物质,又是胡敏酸分解的一级产物,可以促进矿物的分解和养分的释放,在胡敏酸的积累和更新中起着重要作用;胡敏素是有机碳和氮的重要组成部分,在土壤腐殖质各组分中占有机碳含量的绝大部分,是土壤中的惰性物质,与铁、铝氧化物和黏土矿物等紧密结合,在碳截获、土壤结构、养分保持、氮素循环等方面均占有重要地位[2,4-6]。土壤腐殖质的数量、质量在一定程度上反映了土壤形成过程和肥力水平[7],因此研究腐殖质具有极其重要的意义。……

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