马依莎 王文燕 谭艳平 刘新琼 黎艳艳 姚凯龙 徐鑫 王春台

摘 要：为减轻传统有性杂交验证遗传基本规律的工作量以及把传统杂交试验与分子遗传学相结合，利用分子标记和性状共同验证分离及连锁遗传规律，从http：//flybase.org/下载果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）Chr.2R DNA序列并设计引物，筛选长翅和残翅（Vg/vg）果蝇之间多态性连锁PCR标记，获得了2个与Vg/vg紧密连锁的侧翼PCR标记R15和R24，对长翅和残翅杂交后自交得到的F2代个体进行翅型观察统计的同时进行PCR分析。结果表明：自交F2代中Vg/vg、R15/r15分离符合3∶1的分离比，R24/r24的分离符合1∶2∶1的分离比;Vg/vg与R15/r15的交换值为7.24%～8.42%，Vg/vg与R24/r24的交换值为22.82%～23.8%。

关键词：果蝇;PCR标记;杂交;遗传规律验证

中图分类号 Q963文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）08-0020-06

Abstract： To simplify the workload of traditional sexual hybridization to verify the three basic laws of genetics and combine traditional hybridization experiments with molecular genetics， molecular markers and characteristics are used to jointly verify the laws. The DNA sequence of Drosophila melanogaster Chr.2R was downloaded from http：//flybase.org/ and the PCR primers were designed to screen the polymorphism between long and residual wing （Vg/vg） fruit flies and 2 flank linkage PCR markers R15 and R24 with Vg/vg were obtained. The PCR analysis was carried out at the same time as the wing observation statistics of F2 generation individuals obtained by self-interbreeding after long-wing and residual wing hybridization. The segregation of Vg/vg、R15/r15 was according with 3∶1， and R24/r24 was according with 1∶2∶1 in F2 population. The cross-over value between Vg/vg and R15/r15 is 7.24%～8.42%，Vg/vg and R24/r24 is 22.82%～23.8%。

Key words： Drosophila melanogaster; PCR Marker; Hybridization; Verifying of Genetics Laws

果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）是生物与基础医学研究领域中最重要的生物材料之一，早在2000年就完成全基因组序列测定[1]，并在基因组学和基因功能研究等领域取得了许多辉煌成就。作为模式动物的果蝇具有诸多优势：（1）易饲养。黑腹果蝇的饲养只需要很小的空间和设备，饲料成本低，非常适合实验室饲养;（2）生长周期短。包括卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、成虫形成与产卵，在25℃条件下10d左右即可完成;（3）高繁殖。雌虫每天产卵多达100枚，一生约产2000枚卵;（4）雌雄易分辨。雌雄差异明显，未交配的雌虫容易辨识，方便后续杂交试验[2]。

果蝇饲养容易、繁殖快的特点保证了实验材料的供应。自从遗传学家摩尔根在1908年把果蝇引入遗传学研究领域，此后果蝇就成为经典遗传学的“主角”，利用果蝇已经产出5个诺贝尔奖。摩尔根[3]发现了……