尹悦

提 要 对郑州市智力型新移民语言使用情况调查进行无序多分类逻辑回归分析，发现普通话能力在智力型新移民城市融入的初级阶段，特别是低收入阶段，影响非常显著，而随着收入区间的提高，普通话能力对收入的影响不再显著，但普通话能力对其社会融入和心理融入的影响都较为显著;同一方言区内，城市方言能力对智力型新移民的经济收入和社会融入影响不显著，但对其心理融入影响较为显著;语言使用偏好（即语言选择）对智力型新移民的城市融入影响非常显著，倾向于使用普通话的人城市融入度相对较高。建议鼓励新移民多使用普通话，加强对低收入行业的大龄男性群体及非中原官话区的精准推普工作，加快对二线城市新移民的语言需求调查，制定相关对策，助力新移民的城市融入。

關键词 智力型新移民;二线城市;语言使用;语言选择;城市融入

中图分类号 H002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 2096-1014（2021）03-0035-10

DOI 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210303

Language Use and Urban Integration of New Intellectual Immigrants in Second-Tier Cities

Yin Yue

Abstract The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that： The influence of Putonghua ability in the primary stage （especially in the low-income stage） is very significant， and the influence is no longer significant with the increase of income range. But the ability of Putonghua has a significant impact on their social and psychological integration. In the same dialect area， the urban dialect ability has no significant influence on the economic income and social integration of the intellectual new immigrants， but it still has a significant impact on their psychological integration. Language preference has a significant impact on the urban integration of intelligent new immigrants， and those who tend to use Putonghua have a higher degree of urban integration. Based on the survey results， we should encourage new immigrants to use Putonghua more， strengthen the accurate popularization of older male groups in low-income industries and non Central Plains Mandarin areas， speed up the investigation of the language needs of new immigrants in second-tier cities， and formulate relevant countermeasures to help new immigrants integrate into the city.

Key words intelligent new immigrants; second-tier cities; language use; language choice; urban integration

一、引 言

根据张文宏（2017）的划分，城市新移民可分为4种类型：劳工型、智力型、投资型和政策型。智力型新移民，又称“知识型新移民”，具有以下几个普遍特征：学历较高、较为年轻（20～50岁）、技术性人才为主、职业稳定等。党的十九大报告中明确提出“建设知识型、技能型、创新型劳动者大军”，智力型新移民正是这支队伍的主体，也是中国城市发展的新生代力量。近年来，随着“中部崛起”和“西部大开发”国家战略的实施，中西部许多省份都将人才视为第一竞争力，积极出台人才引进政策，优化人才环境。……