赵延敏 章碧玉 常伟 王海燕 梁高亮

摘 要：基本动作技能和体能是幼儿健康发展的重要组成，两者之间既相互联系又相互影响，为探明两者之间的内在耦合关系，随机抽取青岛市3所幼儿园的304名3～6岁幼儿为受试对象，采用粗大动作发展测试第三版（TGMD-3）和国民体质测定标准（幼儿部分）反映幼儿体能的6项指标进行测试分析。通过分析发现：（1）幼儿基本动作技能和体能水平随着年龄增长而逐渐提升，其中男童操控技能优于女童，女童柔韧性优于男童，位移技能和其他体能男女童之间表现出随年龄增长差异逐渐减小的发展趋势;（2）基本动作技能与体能之间存在中到低等程度的显著性相关，且基本动作技能水平越高两者之间的相关性越强;（3）基本动作技能可显著预测体能发展水平，但次于年龄的预测作用。所以，为提升幼儿体育的教育质量，建议在政策指导上重视幼儿基本动作技能和体能的协同发展，在课程内容建设上突出幼儿基本动作技能发展规律的指导作用，在组织实施上借助能力达成策略细化教学过程。

关键词：幼儿;基本动作技能;体能;移动技能;操控技能

中图分类号：G804.26 文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2076（2021）01-0102-10

Abstract：Basic motor skills and physical stamina are important components of childrens healthy development. The two are connected with and influence each other. In order to explore the internal coupling relationship between the two， 304 students from 3 kindergartens in Qingdao City were randomly selected. 6-year-old children were tested and analyzed using the Gross Motor Development Test Third Edition （TGMD-3） and the National Fitness Standards （Kids Part） to reflect the 6 indicators of childrens physical fitness. Through analysis， it is found that： 1） Childrens basic motor skills and physical fitness levels gradually increase with age. Boys have better manipulative skills

than girls， girls flexibility is better than boys， and childrens displacement skills and other physical abilities show gradual decrease in age difference between boys and girls; 2） There is a significant correlation between basic motor skills and physical fitness at a moderate to low degree， and the higher the level of basic motor skills， the stronger the correlation between the two; 3） Basic motor skills can significantly predict the level of physical development， but it is inferior to the predictive effect of age. Therefore， In order to improve the quality of preschool sports education， it is recommended that the coordinated development of basic motor skills and physical fitness of children should be emphasized in policy guidance， the guiding role of the development of childrens basic motor skills be highlighted in the construction of curriculum content， and the ability attaining strategies be adopted to refine the teaching process in the organization and implementation.

Key words：preschool children; fundamental movement skills; physical fitness; locomotor skills;object control skills

幼兒阶段作为人一生之中身体发育和机能发展最为迅速和关键的时期，其发展质量将直接影响人的一生的发展轨迹。为促进幼儿的健康发展，我国自2000年《国民体质健康测定标准》制定以来，幼儿体育与健康领域一直将体质健康作为首要目标，把幼儿的体育活动视为提高身体素质，促进幼儿健康发展的重要手段[1]。……