彭国强 杨建营 孙毅 于均刚

摘 要：身体认知是当代学校武术教育研究中一个重要转向。在中国武术身体观视角下对西方身体认知理论重新解读的基础上，主要运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、实修体悟法等，以身体认知理念为研究与思考的逻辑起点，以学校武术教育为研究对象，重点分析当前学校武术教育中可能存在的“逻辑裂隙”，并在此视角下对学校武术教育在未来发展的路向进行了探索。研究认为：中国武术身体观维度下的身体认知主体是身心合一的“我”的身体，认知方式主要是通过武术习练过程中身体所产生的的直觉体悟，认知的范畴包括作为认知主体的“我”及其所处的客观场域;以此为视野对学校武术教育进行反思，认为当前学校武术教育中主要存在武术教育应然价值缺失、身体经验传承断裂、武术教学理念偏隅、教学过程中身体感知束缚等问题;要解决这些问题就要在身心合一的武术教育目标中培养完整的人、以经验为导向的教学方法中搭建身体交流、在实修体悟的训练过程中激发习武情怀以及体用兼备的训练思想中实现中国武术身体观中的“天人合一”。

关键词：身体认知;学校武术;武术教育;身心合一;武术发展

中图分类号：G807 文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2076（2021）01-0094-08

Abstract：Body cognition is an important turn in the research of contemporary school Wushu education. Based on the reinterpretation of western body cognition theory from the perspective of Chinese Wushu body view， with the methods of literature review， logical analysis， practical practice and understanding， this paper takes the body cognition concept as the logical starting point of research andthinking， and the school Wushu education as the research object， mainly analyzes the possible "logical cracks" in school Wushu education， and explores its future development direction. Research

shows that： The body cognitive subject under the dimension of body view of Chinese Wushu is the body of "I"， which is the unity of body and mind. The cognitive way is mainly through the intuitive understanding of the body produced in the process of martial arts practice. The cognitive category includes "I" as the cognitive subject and its objective field. From this perspective， this paper reflects on the school Wushu education， and thinks that the current education is not perfect， and there are some problems， such as lack of the value of Wushu education， the rupture of the inheritance of physical experience， the partial corner of Wushu teaching idea， the constraint of body perception in the teaching process. To solve these problems， we should cultivate complete people in the goal of physical and mental integration of Wushu education， build body communication in the experience oriented teaching method， and stimulate the feelings of practicing Wushu in the process of practical training; and in the training thought of both body and function， realize the "unity of man and nature" in the body view of Chinese Wushu.

Key words：body cognition; school Wushu; Wushu education; body and mind integration; Wushu development

1 问题的提出

1914年著名教育家徐一冰先生上书教育部“拟请学校体操科内兼受中国旧有武术，列为必修课以振尚武精神”，次年该建议被教育部采纳[1]，自此，武术有了第一本正式的教材，武术成为培养学生民族精神的重要教育手段。……