杨帆 吴相利

摘 要：以2000-2018年黑龙江省13个地级市（区）为样本，运用DEA-Windows模型评价黑龙江各地市粮食生产综合效率，采用ArcGIS分析空间差异的时空演变，运用面板Tobit模型对影响区域粮食生产综合效率的因素进行分析研判。结果表明：黑龙江粮食生产综合效率呈现波动上升的趋势，各地市之间的差异明显但呈缩小态势;粮食播种面积和人均GDP对粮食生产综合效率具有显著的促进作用，化肥折纯施用量对粮食生产综合效率具有显著的负向影响，农业从业人员和农业机械总动力的作用效果不显著。合理配置粮食生产资源，提高农业科技的创新能力，完善粮食贸易和粮食补贴制度，是提升粮食生产综合效率的主要对策。

关键词：粮食生产效率 空间差异 影响因素 DEA-Windows 黑龙江省

中图分类号：F323.1         文献标识码：A

Spatial Differences and Influencing Factors of Grain Production Efficiency in Heilongjiang Province

YANG Fan， WU Xiangli*

（College of Geographical Science， Harbin Normal University，

Heilongjiang，Harbin 150025， China）

Abstract： Taking 13 prefecture-level cities （districts） in Heilongjiang Province in 2000-2018 as samples， DEA-windows model was used to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of grain production in Heilongjiang Province. ArcGIS was used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of spatial differences， and the panel Tobit model was used to analyze the factors affecting the comprehensive efficiency of regional grain production. The results showed that： the comprehensive efficiency of grain production in Heilongjiang Province showed an fluctuating upward trend， and the difference between different cities was obvious，but  showed a narrowing trend; the grain planting area and per capita GDP had a significant promoting effect， application of pure chemical fertilizer had a significant negative impact， and the agricultural employees and farming machinery had an insignificant impact on the comprehensive efficiency of grain production. Rational allocation of grain production resources， improvement of agricultural science and technology innovation， and improvement of grain trade and grain subsidy system are the main countermeasures to improve the comprehensive efficiency of grain production.

Key words：Grain production efficiency;spatial difference;influencing factors; DEA-windows;Heilongjiang Province

民以食為天，随着社会经济的持续发展，粮食的供需结构呈现出不同的发展态势。现有粮食生产方式不能保证粮食产量稳定增长，并对生态环境造成破坏。认清粮食生产现状、理清粮食生产效率的影响因素、优化资源配置才是促进粮食生产能力可持续发展的重要举措。研究黑龙江省13个地级市（区）的粮食生产综合效率，分析影响黑龙江省粮食生产综合效率的因素对稳定全国粮食储备和维护粮食安全至关重要。

目前学界有关生产效率测算方法和影响因素方面的研究成果丰富。Farrell[1]最早提出了测量粮食生产效率方法，通过测算农业生产效率得……