陈涛 张小玲 金刚 黄显雅 刘明 覃旭 吴密 钟秋汉

摘 要：为了提高剑麻加工副产物麻渣的高效资源化了利用，研制出了一套更加高效的从麻渣中提取麻膏和回收短纤维的工艺。该方法包括以下操作步骤：将麻渣和短纤维堆放5～10 d;放入麻渣粉碎机，捶打使麻渣和水从底部网孔流到水池，而短纤维被甩到输送带送入圆型梳麻机梳去杂质后再经冲水、压干、晒干至含水率13%以下便可入库销售;水池中的麻渣水抽到卧式离心机中将渣和水分离;分离出来的麻水抽到沉淀池中沉淀12～20 h;沉淀物抽到滤网上凉干或晒干至含水率18%以下便可装袋入库。新工艺与传统的方法相比，可使麻膏的提取率提高到1%以上，含量达到5%以上，提取时间缩短10 d左右，短纤维的提取率提高到0.2%以上，将有助于提高麻渣作为加工废弃物的资源化利用效率。

关键词：剑麻废渣 麻膏 短纤维 工艺 设备配套

Process and Equipment for Extracting Sisal Paste and Recovering Short Fiber from Sisal Residue

CHEN Tao1， ZHANG Xiaoling2， JIN Gang1， HUANG Xianya1，

LIU Ming1，QIN Xu1， WU Mi1， ZHONG Qiuhan3，4*

（1 Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute， Nanning， Guangxi 530001， China;

2 Guangxi Sisal Group Co.， Ltd.， Nanning， Guangxi 530001， China;3 Guangxi Western Hemp Technology Co.， Ltd， Nanning， Guangxi 530001， China;4 Dongfeng Sisal Machinery Repair Factory in Wuming District， Nanning， Guangxi 530001， China）

Abstract：In order to improve the high-efficiency reuse of sisal residue， a more efficient process for extracting sisal paste and recovering short fiber from sisal residue was developed. The method comprises the following steps： stacking sisal residue and short fiber for five to ten days; putting sisal dregs into crusher to beat until water flowed from mesh into pool， and short fiber was dumped to conveyor belt into round carding machine to comb impurities， then flushing， dry-pressing， sun-drying until moisture content below 13%， finally putting in storage for sale; separating residue and water through horizontal centrifuge; pumping the separated water into sedimentation tank to precipitate for 12～20 hours; air-drying or sun-drying sediments on the filter until moisture content below 18%， then packing and putting in storage. The new process can increase the extraction rate of sisal paste more than 1% and the content more than 5%， shorten the extraction time about 10 days than that of the traditional method， raise the extraction rate of short fiber more than 0.2%， thus help improve the utilization efficiency of sisal residue.

Key words： Sisal residue; sisal paste; short fiber; process; equipment matching

劍麻，又称龙舌兰麻，属龙舌兰属，热带多年生叶纤维植物[1]，也是当今世界用量最大，范围最广的硬质纤维的经济作物[2]。剑麻中含有以甾体皂甙配基的形式存在的剑麻皂素，也称替可吉宁、剑麻皂苷元等，是合成甾体激素类药的基本原料[3，4]，素有“激素之母”和“医药黄金”之称[5，6]。利用剑麻皂素生产出来的下游产品单烯，可合成倍他米松、地塞米松等上百种激素类药物[7]。此外，剑麻皂素还广泛应用于食品、化妆品及畜牧业等行业，是生物医药化工领域最普遍、最主要的基础原料，其生产技术属国家支持和鼓励发展的新医药工程技术。……