李科生　潘文浩

[摘 要] 汉语阅读一直是少数民族儿童阅读能力提升的瓶颈，并影响全民阅读活动在民族地区的推广。本研究梳理了近十年来少数民族儿童汉语阅读的认知加工机制和研究方法，发现独特的发音与语序是影响少数民族儿童汉语阅读的重要因素。为提升少数民族儿童汉语阅读能力，建议从优化阅读环境与氛围、挖掘和开发优秀少数民族阅读资源、加强学校与社区的合作培养以及开展阅读能力的系统化研究等方面入手，帮助少数民族儿童突破汉语阅读的瓶颈，积极融入全民阅读活动大潮。

[关键词] 全民阅读 汉语阅读 阅读认知 阅读能力提升 少数民族儿童

[中图分类号] G231[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1009-5853 （2021） 02-0056-10

Suggestions on Minorities Children to Participate in National Reading Activities

Li Kesheng Pan Wenhao

（School of Public Administration， South China University of Technology， Guangzhou， 510641）

[Abstract] Chinese reading has long been the bottleneck for minorities childrens reading ability development， which has a deep effect on the promotion of natioanl reading activities in minorities areas. Through teasing out the cognitive processing mechanism and research approaches of minorities childrens Chinese reading in recent ten years， this study finds out that the unique pronunciation and word order are the important factors which affect minorities childrens Chinese reading. In order to promote minorities childrens Chinese reading ablitiy， it suggests to optimize the reading environment and atmosphere， explore and develop excellent ethnic reading resources， enhance the cooperative cultivation between schools and communities， and focus on the systematic research on reading ability as well as other aspects， to help minorities children break through the bottleneck of Chinese reading and actively integrate into the trend of national reading.

[Key words] Nationwide reading Chinese reading Reading cognition Promotion of reading ability Minorities children

1 引 言

开展全民阅读活动是国家的一项重要文化战略，关系到国民素质的提高和国家文化软实力的提升。少数民族儿童由于母语是民族语言，而民族语言独特的发音和语序，使他们在汉字识别、语音朗读、句子结构、语义理解和篇章阅读等多方面均存在一定偏差，难以融入全民阅读活动之中，并影响到少数民族群众的文化自信。

本文对国内近十年来少数民族儿童汉语阅读的研究进行系统梳理，并在此基础上就如何促进少数民族儿童积极参与全民阅读提出切实性建议，以期推动全民阅读在少数民族地区的纵深推广，促进少数民族地区的文化建设，增强国家文化软实力。

2 少数民族儿童汉语阅读的研究现状