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晚清新式书报的地方流转与乡村士人的阅读实践

2021-05-23邓利萍

新世纪图书馆 2021年3期

邓利萍

摘 要 晚清时期,新式书报从文化中心城市向地方社会流转。在此过程中,城市的同乡群体对乡村士人进行了最初的新学启蒙。同时,乡村士人这个“在地链接性群体”又以更隐秘的方式促进了新式书报在地方社会的进一步下渗。本文以《刘绍宽日记》为核心史料,详尽呈现了乡村士人阅读新式书报和从中撷取新知的风貌。新式书报的阅读实践更新了乡村士人的“知识仓库”,重塑了乡村士人的思维模式,极大地拓展了乡村士人的阅读史。

关键词 晚清 新式书报  地方流转  《刘绍宽日记》  阅读实践

分类号 G259.29; G252.1

DOI 10.16810/j.cnki.1672-514X.2021.03.016

The Local Circulation of New-style Books and Newspapers in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Reading Practice of Rural Sholars: an Investigation of Liu Shaokuans Diary

Deng Liping

Abstract In the late Qing Dynasty, new-style books and newspapers moved from the cultural center city to the local society. In this process, the fellow townspeople of the city initiated the rural scholars new learning. At the same time, the rural scholars, a “local linked group”, promoted the further infiltration of new books and newspapers in the local society in a more secret way. Taking Liu Shaokuans Diary as the core historical data, this paper presents in detail the style of rural scholars reading new books and newspapers and extracting new knowledge from them. The reading practice of new books and newspapers renewed the “knowledge warehouse” of rural scholars, reshaped the thinking mode of rural scholars, and greatly expanded the personal reading history of rural scholars.

Keywords Late Qing Dynasty. New-style books and newspapers. Local circulation. Liu Shaokuans Diary. Reading practice.

0  引言

自鸦片战争以来,士大夫逐渐觉察到中国正面临“三千年未有之大变局”,进入了梁启超所谓的“过渡时代”[1]166。过渡时代是中国人“知识仓库”大更新的时代。“知识仓库”的更新有赖于承载新知新学的新式书报的流转。据历史学者熊月之统计,晚清翻译的西方书籍达到2588种,出版的报纸达1753种[2],还有数不清的由中国人撰写的传播西学的著作。2003年,著名学者王汎森在《中国近代思想文化史研究的若干思考》一文中提出了一些他认为值得注意的课题,如晚清时期,在一些十分古老、封闭的地方社群中,人们的思想与知识是如何生产与流动的?地方士人如何得到书刊?他们读什么书报?那些在文化中心城市生产出来的新式书报是如何流向中国广袤国土上的小镇、村社的[3]?2018年中华书局出版的《刘绍宽日记》给我们提供了极佳的观察窗口。

刘绍宽(1867—1942)系温州府平阳县刘店人,长期乡居僻壤,十七岁成为县学生员,二十岁开始以塾师为业。……

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