丁哲勇

摘要：消防应急救援演练工作在火灾救援实战中发挥着关键作用。现阶段，消防火灾救援演练工作，通常仅依据相关理论模型以及数据开展理论模拟，而这与消防应急实战救援相去甚远。通常火灾战备演练的方式、设备和设计会受限于多方面，特别是在石油化工场所的火灾救援模拟演练。针对目前消防应急救援预案与演练模拟的现状，开发了基于微软Hololens全息虚拟现实装置的交互式火災演练系统，利用实物器件和混合现实（mixed reality，MR）技术，可较好地实现对火灾事故现场的虚拟仿真模拟。同时，在可视化的虚拟场景中可实现对现场的模拟，从而可验证火灾救援处置措施的科学性及实施性，进而提高消防指挥人员的应急救援决策和协作能力，上述措施可在一定程度上提高演练效率及实战处置能力。关键词：全息影像  虚拟现实  混合现实  火灾演练系统

Design of Interactive Fire Drill System Based on HoloLens

DING Zheyong

（Shanghai Zhongying Fire Engineering Co.， Ltd.， Shanghai， 200040 China）Abstract：Emergency rescue plan and drill play an important role in the training and practice of fire fighting. At present， most of the fire prevention plans and drills are established in the stage of theoretical model and data inference. Usually， the method， equipment and design of fire readiness drills are limited in many ways， especially for the petrochemical site fire rescue drill， the actual organization and implementation requires the cooperation of multiple vehicles and multiple people， resulting in large resource consumption. Aiming at the present situation of fire emergency rescue plan and drill simulation， an interactive fire drill system based on Microsoft Hololens holographic virtual reality device was developed. Through physical device and Mixed Reality （Mixed Reality， MR） technology， simulate the construction accident， under the environment of the visual simulation exercises， to verify that the process of disposal measures adopted by the operability and scientific， thereby promote the commander of the command decision-making and collaboration with ability， emergency rescue， scientific Effectively improve the drill efficiency and actual combat disposal ability.

Hololen作为Microsoft公司设计开发的混合现实全息设备，采用HoloLens设备可以实现对现场环境的扫描，并结合SLAM技术完成对真实环境的三维场景重建，使得真实环境得以在虚拟模型中显现^[6-7]。

基于视觉传感器的SLAM技术通过摄像机获取现场图片信息及预处理;利用机器视觉标定出现场景的方向和位置;利用算法处理的后端，优化并有效消除数据处理的累积误差，依据获取的周围环境数据建立环境地图（见图1）。

HoloLens设备将环境感知和深度摄像头作为硬件载体。其中，深度摄像头实现对现实环境的扫描，并计算出图像的深度值，环境感知摄像头的作用主要是感知HoloLens在周围环境中的偏移量。……