刺激隐核虫感染的免疫预防研究进展
2021-04-25余玲莹,黄晓红
摘要:综述了刺激隐核虫感染诱发的免疫应答及其免疫预防的研究现状,为开发阻断或减少刺激隐核虫感染的方法提供参考。研究显示,刺激隐核虫感染可以诱发宿主鱼的先天性和适应性免疫;利用刺激隐核虫的虫体(特别是幼虫)以及表面蛋白(或抑动抗原)的重组蛋白和真核表达的重组质粒DNA免疫宿主鱼,均获得了一定的相对免疫保护率(40%~100%)。今后应进一步研究鱼与刺激隐核虫之间的相互作用,以便综合利用鱼对刺激隐核虫的免疫应答,研发高效、多元化的刺激隐核虫病的防治方法。
关键词:刺激隐核虫;刺激隐核虫病;免疫应答;免疫预防
中图分类号:Q 95文献标志码:A文章编号:0253-2301(2021)02-0063-07
DOI: 1013651/jcnkifjnykj202102012
Research Progress on the Immunoprophylaxis of Cryptocaryon Irritans Infection
YU Lingying, HUANG Xiaohong*
(College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China)
Abstract: The research status of the immune response induced by the infection of Cryptocaryon irritans and its immunoprophylaxis were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the development of methods to block or reduce the infection of Cryptocaryon irritans. The research showed that the infection of Cryptocaryon irritans could induce the innate and adaptive immunity of the host fish. The relative immune protection rate (40%-100%) was obtained by immunizing the host fish with the insect bodies of Cryptocaryon irritans (especially larvae), the recombinant proteins of surface proteins (or immobilization antigens) and the recombinant plasmid DNA expressed in eukaryons. In the future, it is necessary to further study the interaction between fish and Cryptocaryon irritans, so as to comprehensively utilize the immune response of fish to Cryptocaryon irritans, and develop the efficient and diversified prevention and control methods of cryptocaryoniosis.
Key words: Cryptocaryon irritans; Cryptocaryoniosis; Immune response; Immunoprophylaxis
刺激隐核虫Cryptocaryon irritans是寄生在海水硬骨鱼身上的一种纤毛虫类原生动物,其生活史包括4个阶段:幼虫期、滋养体期、包囊前体期、包囊期[1]。幼虫在海水中游动以便寻找宿主。当遇到宿主时,幼虫可通过鱼躯干、鳃、鳍和眼等处表皮入侵宿主,并在鱼体表皮与真皮之间转化成滋养体。滋养体在鱼皮组织中吸收营养,发育成熟后离开宿主,脱落到海水中形成了包囊前体。包囊前体在海水中缓慢游动,到达海底或容器底部时会黏附在上面逐渐形成包囊。随后包囊开始不断地分裂繁殖,最终产生高达200个左右幼虫后,脱出包囊逸出到海水中继续寻找新的宿主,开始下一个生活史循环。在26~28℃环境下,刺激隐核虫以褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus作为宿主完成一个完整的生活史需要7~10 d的时间[2]。
被刺激隐核虫感染后,宿主鱼会表现出厌食、黏液分泌过多、在海水中冲撞、在网箱壁上摩擦止痒等异常行为,以及鱼体被感染部位出现充血等症状。……
